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GUIDE 



THE CAPITOL 



AND 



National (Executive (DffiaB 



THE UNITED STATES 



ILLUSTRATED RY DIAGRAM FLANS, DESIGNATING THE 

SEVERAL EXECUTIVE BUILDINGS, AND THE RELATIVE 

POSITIONOF THE DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS, THEIR 

BUREAUS AND OFFICERS' ROOMS, AND ALSO THE 

COMMITTEE ROOMS IN THE CAPITOL. 



BY ROBERT MILLS 

Engineer and Architect. 



&M 




WASHINGTON: 
WM. GREER, PRINTER 

1847-8, 



ENTERED ACCORDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS, IN THE 
YEAR 1847, 

BY ROBERT MILLS, 

IN THE CLERK'S OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT COURT OP 
THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 








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INTRODUCTORY 



Every one having business with the Capitol or with 
llie public offices, whether stranger or resident, is sen- 
sible of the difficulty of locating the different Com- 
mittee rooms in the Capitol, and Bureaus in the offi- 
ces, and more particularly the officers and clerks at- 
tached to those Bureaus. The nature of the informa- 
tion contained in this work will tend to remove this 
difficulty, and afford to all the means of identifying- 
both the building and the room occupied by every 
Committee and every officer doing business therein. 
The key to the Committee rooms in the Capitol 
will be found in the numbers in the book, and labels 
oter the doors of the several rooms ; those being 
given their relative locations as respects the floor and 
part of the building where they are situated, no dif» 
ficulty will occur in finding them. 

In connection with a brief description of the Capi- 
tol and Executive buildings, are diagram plans of the 
same, with each room numbered — the numbers apply^ 
ing to each floor consecutively. The officers and 
clerks of each department being alphabetically ar- 
ranged, and following in the order of the Bureaus to 
which they belong, will be easily found, and opposite 
to the name, on the margin, is the number of the 
room on the diagram, as first, second or third floor, 
as the case may be. An index is attached to facilitate 
finding the matter required, 



6 INTRODUCTORY. 

This third edition of the work has been much im- 
proved and enlarged, so as to be more extensively 
useful. Besides the plans of the Capitol, are those of 
the Executive offices, the Patent office, Senate Cham- 
ber and Hall of Representatives, designating each 
member's seat. 

A beautiful map of the city, showing the locality of 
every public building, churches, &c, will be affixed 
to some of the copies of this work, to meet the 
wishes of "purchasers. 







L 1 «^ ^ i 



lib 



THE 



CAPITOL 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES. 



The area covered by this splendid structure is equal to 
67,220 sq. feet. The front extends 352 feet 4 inches ; the depth 
of the wings 121 feet 6 inches; the centre projection, east, in- 
eluding steps, 86 feet, and the western projection 83 feet. The 
height of wing buildings, to top of balustrade, 70 feet; and to 
top of the great dome, in the centre, 145 feet. 

The principal front looks to the East, and presents a grand 
portico, in the centre, 160 feet in extent, composed of a double 
row of Corinthian columns, elevated on a lofty rustic base- 
ment, and surmounted by an enriched pediment 80 feet 
broad, over which rises an immense dome, 100 feet in diame- 
ter, forming the grand surmounting feature of the building.* 
The wings spread on each side of the portico, divided into a 
principal story and atlic, elevated on a high basement; the 
walls enriched with pilasters, of the same order with the porti- 
co, which space off the windows lighting the interior of the 
building; each of those on the principal story crowned with 
a pediment. Over the great cornice runs an open balustrade., 
and, in front of the portico, a grand flight of steps ascends to 
the platform of the same. On a level with the portico are two 
large niches, containing colossal statues of marble, by Persico, 
one representing Peace, the other War. 

* We must ever regret the innovation here made upon the 
original design of the Capitol, by the introduction of a dome 
so disproportionate to the building; it destroys the beauty of 
this front, as may be seen by cutting off the connexion of the 
dome with the building by raising the hand between, or advan- 
cing so near as to cover it. The difference in the effect is very 
striking, and we must hope that a change will restore the ori- 
ginal proportion of this important feature in the building; for- 
tunately, this can be done at little expense, as the true dome 
already exists under the present one ; it was a strange aberra- 
tion from good taste which gave the present proportion. 



8 FACADES. 

The West front presents a massive central projection of 83 
feet, with a recessed colonnade in the centre, 100 feet in extent, 
elevated on a high rustic basement, and ris'.ng, with its enta- 
blature, to the roof, surmounted by a panelled skreen or attic. 
The wings spread out on each side ot this centre projection, 
finished in the same manner as those upon the East front- 
There is a sub or under basement on the West front, which 
is, judiciously hid, in the perspective view, by a stone terrace, 
covering vaults in advance of the building, flanked outward- 
ly by a sloping turf bank, which brings the main basement up- 
on a level all around. 

The series of pilasters, with their entablature, rustic base* 
ment and balustrade, extend round each end of the buil- 
ding, forming a complete symmetrical whole. 

The exterior walls, columns, pilasters, &c. are constructed 
of freestone, from the Aquia creek quarries; the steps, ter- 
races and pavements, are of the Seneca creek stone; both wa- 
ters of the Potomac. 

The Capitol grounds are handsomely laid out in gravel 
walks, jet d'eaus, clumps of trees, shrubbery, and sloping 
banks, and embrace 30 acres, enclosed by an iron railing, skir- 
ted on the outside by a foot- walk over a mile in circuit. There 
are nine grand entrances to these grounds : two from the North 
and two from the South for carriages, two from the East and 
threft from the West for foot passengers. The centre of the 
Western entrance, at the foot of the hill, is flanked by two 
stone lodges, highly ornamented, for watch-houses, &c.; from 
this, and after passing through the grounds, and by the jet 
d'eaus, you ascend by two flights of steps before you reach the 
grand terrace. Upon the first level, in front of the steps, is 
erected the Naval Monument, dedicated to those who fell at 
the siege of Tripoli. It is a white marble column, elevated 
upon a marble pedestal, base and zocle, and surmounted by an 
eagle, holding in her talons the symbols of the Union. The 
top of the zocle, or lower base, rises by steps towards the se- 
cond base, and is ornamented with statuea representing the 
Genius of America, History, Commerce and Fame. The lat- 
ter is a winged figure, with a wreath in its hand, standing close 
to the column, preparing to crown it. Commerce is represen- 
ted by the figure of Mercury, with a caduceus and cornucopia 
in its hand. History is represented as a female, seated, with 
a book and stylus in its hand, in the act of recoiding the event. 
The Genius of America, the most interesting of the group, is 
represented as an Indian, leading two youths by the hand, one 
of which bears the fasces, and pointing their attention to the 
monument. The shaft of the column is decorated with the 
beaks of vessels and anchors — the pedestal with scrolls ; the 
fretted cap of the base with Turks' head swords, &.c. ; the zo-> 
cle with the names in bronze of those who fell in battle — So- 
jkers, Caldweli,, Decatur, Wadsworth, Dorset, |s» 
rael. Upon the corners of the zocle are four funeral vases, 
The whole monument rises out of an oral basin of water, sup* 



NAVAL MONUMENT, 9 

plied from the contiguous fountain, and is surrounded by an 
iron railing. This basiD contains 78,827 gallons of water ; the 
one East of the building 111,241 gallons. 

Under the arch-way, leading into the sub-basement of the 
Capitol, is a beautiful marble fountain, out of which flows a 
constant stream of pure translucent water, brought from Smith's 
spring about two miles North of the building. The yield is 
now 32 gallons a minute, and may be increased to six times 
this quantity if required. 

The sub or under basement of the Capitol, here entered, pre- 
sents a suite of rooms, confined to the Western projection, ap^ 
propriated as follows: — 

The corridor at the entrance conducts to the following 
rooms : On the North or Senate side — No. 41, Commissioner of 
Public Buildings and Grounds; No. 40, Committee of Patents 
and Public Buildings; No. 42, Committee of Manufactures ; 
No. 43, Committee of Revolutionary Claims. On the South 
or House side — No. 44, Committee on Naval Affairs ; No. 45, 
Committee of Military Affairs, and Committee on the Expen- 
ditures with War Department ; No. 47, the Committee on the 
Territories and the Public Buildings; No. 49, the Committee 
of the District of Columbia ; and on the East side — No. 80, 
store-room ; No. 81, Refectory, for the use of the Members of 
Congress.* 

On each side of the great stairway, opposite the entrance, a 
passage leads to the vault prepared to receive the sarcophagus 
of Washington, placed immediately un<!er the centie of the 
crypt of the grand rotundo Returning out, to the West front, 
a double flight of stone steps ascend to the terrace, which is 
only a few steps below the level of this story. From 
this terrace a beautiful view of the Western side of the city is 
afforded, together with the high grounds on ihe Noith, and the 
Potomac on the South. Several noble avenues spread out in 
radii from this spot as a centre; the Pennsylvania avenue, 
nearly in front, is handsomely paved, and terminated by the 
President's house, which is about 1 1-4 miles from the Capitol. 

Entering the building on this level, you pass to the main cor- 
ridor, leading to the following rooms: On the North or Senate 
side — No. 44, the Committee on Indian Affairs; No. 46, Com- 
mittee on Military Affairs ; No. 45, Committee on the District 
of Columhia; No. 47, Committee on Post Offices and Post 
Roads; No. 48, Committee on Naval Affairs; No. 49, Com- 

* Refectory rules, established by the Commissioner of Pub- 
lic Buildings : Beefsteak, for one, 25 cents ; Partridge 25, mut- 
ton chop 12 1-2, veal cutlet 25, cold lunch 12 1-2, bowl soup 
12 1-2, one pint stewed oysters 25, half pint stewed oysters 
12 1-2, one dozen roasted oysters 18 3-4, one dozen raw oysters 
12 1-2, halt a dozen raw oysters 6 1-4, cup coffee 12 1-2, small 
glass punch 12 1-2, bottle of porter or cider 12 1-2, half bottte 
of porter or cider 6 1-4, draught Leer per pint 6 1-4. 



10 COMMITTEE ROOMS. 

mittee on Foreign Relations. (It may be here remarked, that 
all the rooms on the North half of the Capitol, from the centre 
of the same, except on the third floor, and the Supreme Court 
rooms, are appropriated for the use of the Senate.) On the 
South or House side —No. 44, Committee of Ways and Means, 
No. 42, Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads ; No. 40; 
Committee on Commerce ; No. 39, Committee on Private Land 
Claims; No. 41, Committee on Revolutionary Claims and of 
Expenditures of Treasury Department and of Navy Depart- 
ment ; No. 43, Committees of Public Expenditures, ofExpen^ 
ditures in Department of State, and of Revolutionary Pensions, 
all of the House, 

Across the corridor, opposite the front or West entrance, a 
flight of stone steps ascend to the principal floor; but, 
passing by these steps, a passage way on each side leads 
into the crypt, a circular and treble colonnaded vaulted 
space, immediately under the great rotundo. This is one of 
the most curious apartments in the building, presenting a com- 
plete forest of massy doric columns, of the proportions of 
those of the temple of Paestum, surmounted by groin arches, 
running in radii direction, and supporting the floor of the ro- 
tundo. Turning to the left, and winding among the columns, 
you pass through a door-way, on the north side, into a small 
rotundo, lighted from above; a door on the right opens into the 
staircase leading to the Senate chamber, that on the left into 
the Law Library room, and, further on, into a vestibule. On 
the left, in this staircase, a larger door-way leads into the Su- 
preme Court room, and a smaller door- way in the vestibule to 
the Marshal's room. Returning to the small rotundo, a corri- 
dor extends North, which opens on the left by a recess into tho 
suite of offices of the Clerk of the Supreme Court. The At- 
torney General's room is near the North entrance, on the 
right of the public entrance in the vestibule of that en- 
trance; opposite the latter, is the Judges' room. You enter 
the Supreme Court room from the Senate staircase ; 
this chamber is serai-circular in its plan, with an arched 
recess on the West, and a colonnade recess on the East 
«de, from whence the light is admitted. An arcaded. 
passage runs around the sweep of the circle, which sup- 
ports a domical ceiling of masonry that covers the entire 
room, and into which groins or cuts are made upon the sur- 
rounding arches, forming a fretted kind of ceiling, ot bold con- 
struction. In the tympanum of the West arch, in recess, is 
sculptured the figure of Justice, with her emblems in bold re- 
lief; accompanying her is a figure of Fame, ciowned with a 
rising Sun, pointing to the Constitution of the United States.* 
Every thing is of a massive character in this room. The col- 

* Tliis design is in bad taste, and should be corrected by ob- 
literating the caricature figure of Fame, with its Sun ; then the 
figure of Justice will appear to some advantage, and the design 
be passable. 



SUPREME COURT ROOM. 11 



umn8 are of the heavy doric proportions, as well as the piers 
of the arches. As an error had been committed in the first de- 
sign and construction of (his room, which occasioned the fall 
of the vaulted ceiling, every precaution was taken to guard 
against a similar disaster, and it has been effectually done. 

There are several radical defects in tbe present plan of this 
room, which it has been proposed to remedy. It is both badly 
lighted and ventilated. The floor is sunk below the general le- 
vel, and makes it very uncomfortable to the members of the 
bar. Indeed the early death of some of our most distinguished 
lawyers at this bar has been attributed to the cold damps and 
want of ventilation of this room; no time should, therefore* 
be lost to remedy this evil. The seats of the Judges are ele- 
vated considerably above the floor of the bar, and near the win- 
dows, by which they are less subject to the evil in question; 

The accommodation for the members of the Court are con- 
venient and roomy; and visiters, though limited in number, 
are equally well accommodated. The Law Library being now 
connected with the Supreme Court is placed convenient for re- 
ference, adjoining the Clerk's room. 

Returning into the crypt, and passing through a door-way, 
on the South, side, you come into a vestibule, which opens on 
the left to the staircase* leading up to the vestibule of the hall 
ol Representatives, and, in front, into a corridor which com- 
municates first with the following rooms of the House : No. 77, 
Committee on the Judiciary, then with the furnace rooms below* 
Nos. 53 and 76, which warm the Hall of Representatives; af- 
ter which you reach a cross passage, leading, on the left, to the 
room No. 54, which opens into the rooms for the Committee on 
Indian Affairs and messengers ; on the right, a passage leads to 
the rooms, No. 69, of the Committee on Accounts, and No. 70* 
the Committee on Patents; between which rooms a flight of 
stone steps descends to a range of water closets, erected on the 
outside of the building. Pursuing the corridor South, to the 
end, you come to rooms No. 63, of the Committee on Invalid 
Pensions, and No. 64, of the Committee on the Militia ; the 
smaller passages communicate with store rooms. All these 
rooms, as well as the others named, are made fire proof. 

Going out from the crypt to the East front of the Capitol, 
you pass through iron gate- ways into an open arcaded passage 
under the great portico ; in front of this arcade is a covered 
carriage-way, and at each end of this passage are the principal 
entrances to" the staircases leading to the Senate and House of 
Representatives. 

Entering the building on the East front, the attention is 
drawn to a group of figures, sculptured in the tympanum of the 
pediment of the portico. The figures are colossal, and, being 
all of an emblematical character, require explanation to be un- 
derstood. The centre figure represents the Genius of Ameri- 

* From this staircase a door, No. 50, leads into the room oc- 
cupied by the Committee on Claims. 



12 SCULPTURE OF PORTICO. 

ca, modestly attired in full drapery, standing on a broad plinth-, 
and holding in her hand an oval shield, inscribed with the let- 
ters U. S. A. in the centre, surrounded with a glory. This 
shield rests on a pedestal, ornamented on the front with an 
oaken wreath in bas-relief, encircling the words July 4, 1776* 
Behind the figure rests a spear, and at her feet an eagle, with 
its wings partially expanded. The head of, the Genius, 
crowned with a star, is inclined in a listening attitude, over her 
left shoulder, towards the figure standing in this direction, 
which represents Hope, who appears to be addressing the Ge- 
nius; her right hand and arm being elevated towards the Ge- 
nius, her left apparently resting on the stock of an anchor, and 
the hand grasping a part of her drapery. The eager gaze and 
delighted smile she gives the Genius indicate her earnest plea 
for the glory and prosperity of the Union. The Genius, how- 
ever, instead of catching her enthusiasm, points, with sober 
dignity, to the object standing on her right hand. This is Jus- 
tice, with stern and icy countenance, her eyes lifted towards 
Heaven, and holding in her right hand a scroll partly unrolled;, 
and displaying, in letters of gold, the words "Constitution of 
the United States," Her left hand elevates and sustains the 
scales ; neither bandage nor sword are associated with this 
American Justice; "for, in our free and happy country, jus- 
tice is clear-sighted, and stands with open countenance, re- 
specting, and weighing equally, the rights of all ; and it is in 
this, rather than in her punitive energies, that she is the object 
of veneration of freemen." 

"A moral is intended to be conveyed in this group, that, 
however Hope may flatter, the American people will regard 
only that prosperity which is founded on public right and the 
preservation of the Constitution." The figures are all highly 
finished, unnecessarily so for their great elevation; their exe- 
cution does great credit to the artist, but the design is outre; 
the idea too complex, difficult to be understood, and not adap- 
ted to the place, which requires unity, boldness, and, withal, a 
subject that would be fully comprehended at the first glance of 
the eye. 

Surmounting the great blockings of the steps of the Portico, 
are two groups of marble figures. That on the South repre- 
sents the discovery of America, by a statue of Columbus ac- 
companied by an Indian, by Persico, the talented artist that 
executed the group just described in the tympanum of the 
pediment. On the North is to be placed another group em- 
blematic of the first settlement of the country, composed of 
three statues, by that eminent artist, Greenough. This group 
is expected to be placed here very soon. 

Ascending the grand flight of steps to the portico, a piece of 
sculptured work over the door of entrance attracts the eye ; it 
consists of two aerial figures, in the act of crowning the bust 
of Washington. On each side of the door are large niches 
filled by the marble statues of Peace and War, already 
fiientioned. 



ROTUNDO. 13 

The Eastern portico presents a splendid, promenade 160 feet 
long, and of proportional width. The columns, in number 26, 
are 30 feet high ; the shaft composed of a single stone. A fine 
view is afforded from this portico of the Eastern grounds, with 
its spacious gravel walks, and dense verdant enclosure of beau- 
tiful clumps of trees and shrubs, circumscribed with an iron 
palisade. In the centre of these grounds is placed a colossal 
statue of Washington upon a simple granite block, with the in- 
scription, "First in War — first in Peace — first in the hearts of 
his Countrymen." This is a splendid work, from the chisel of 
Greenough. To the South you look down New Jersey avenue, 
which is terminated by the waters of the Eastern branch, and 
the rich foliage of the opposite banks. To the North you look 
into a country scene of hill and dale, formed by the valley of 
the Tiber. From the portico you enter the grand rotundo, 
which is 96 feet in diameter and 96 feet high, including the 
dome, which forms the ceiling. This dome is enriched with 
caissons or deep sunken panels, similar to those of the Pan- 
theon at Rome, pierced at the apex with a circular opening, 
through which the light descends. The sides of this spacious 
room "are divided in its whole circuit into panels, separated by 
massive Roman pilasters, which support a bold entablature, or- 
namented with wreaths of Olive. The upper part of the great 
panels are decorated with festoons of flowers, scrolls and 
wreaths; four of them encircling the busts of Columbus, Sir 
Walter Raleigh, La Salle and Cabot; men to whom all the world 
owe a lasting debt of gratitude ; the smaller panels, over the 
doors of the entrance, are filled up with historical subjects* 
which we shall hereafter describe; the lower panels are appro- 
priated to paintings of a historical character. The four on the 
West half of the rotundo are now occupied with the series of 
paintings executed by Col. Trumbull, who, being himself an 
actor in the scenes he has here transferred to the canvas, and 
holding a rank and station which rendered him familiar with 
the countenances of most of those he has here portrayed, gave 
him advantages which no other artist could have possessed; 
and, therefore, if these paintings had no other merit than ex- 
hibiting faithful portraits of the distinguished men of our glo- 
rious revolution, they ought to be, and are. highly prized. But 
Colonel Trumbull was an artist of the first order, as those 
splendid works of his, the siege of Gibraltar, the battle of Lex- 
ington, the death of Warren, and of Montgomery, evidently 
show, The paintings now before us most certainly possess 
much merit, and are by no means deserving the severe remarks 
made by Mr. Randolph, in the House of Representatives in 
1828, which justly drew from Colonel Trumbull a letter not 
very complimentary to Mr. Randolph. The subjects selected 
by Colonel Trumbull, on this occasion, refer to four very im* 
portant events of our revolutionary history, namely, frrst, the 
Declaration of Independence, 1776; second, the surrender of 
General Burgoyne, 1777; third, surrender of Lord Cornwallis 
at Yorktown, 1781 ; fourth, resignation of General Washing- 
ten, at Annapolis* 1783* 2 



14 PAINTINGS, 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 

This was the first, and is the most masterly finished picture 
of the four. The artist seems to have labored here to present 
a chef d'ceuvre on a subject of such deep interest to mankind, 
the last hope of the world, which hung, as it were, upon the 
decision now about to be made by the Venerated worthies in 
Congress assembled ; and, though we may find fault with the 
prim attitude of the figures, yet we feel satisfied with the 
whole, as exhibiting a faithful representation of the actual scene 
as it occurred. Colonel T. would not, in this case, follow his 
imagination; he spared neither labor nor expense to collect 
facts which only could secure to him lasting fame. He travel- 
led from one end of the Union to the other to obtain the por- 
traits of our distinguished men, and to learn from the actors 
themselves the truth of scenes he was preparing to represent 
on canvas. Most of the personages in this picture are real 
portraits, and we cannot too highly appreciate the talents of the 
artist that has preserved to us the expression of those features 
Which are so dear to Americans, and to the lovers of liberty ev- 
ery where. The painting before us represents the memorable 
Congress of 1776, assembled for the purpose of ratifying that 
glorious deed Which gave birth to our independence as a nation. 
The artist has rigidly preserved the very architecture of the 
room in which this august body sat, simply embellishing the 
back-ground with military flags* and trophies, such as had been 
taken from the enemy. On the right of the picture is seen 
that deathless group, Jefferson, the immortal author of the De- 
claration of Independence ; Adams, the fearless advocate of the 
people ; Franklin, the wise and prudent philosopher ; Hancock, 
the noble and generous patriot ; Rutledge, the great orator and 
statesman ; Thompson, the vigilant and correct scribe, &c. &c. 
To the left stretches the long line of worthies, seated with all 
the dignity of a Roman Senate in the glorious day of her lib- 
erty. All are quiet, anxious and attentive, yet fearless and de- 
termined. Every one clothed in the costume of the day, so 
that nothing is left undone to distinguish the eventful scene. 
The eye here reposes with peculiar interest, and in the inten- 
sity of thought, is carried back to the period when, before an 
agitated and anxious world, the great act was ratified, which 
proclaimed liberty to all the human race. 

The names of those whose portraits are preserved in the 
painting are as follows :* 

1. George Wythe, Of Virginia, 

2. William Whipple, of New Hampshire, 

3. Josiah Bartlett, of New Hampshire, 

4. Benjamin Harrison, of Virginia, 

5. Thomas Lynch, of South Carolina, 

6. Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, 

* The numbers refer to the outline heads in the key, begin- 
ning on the left of the spectator. The key to each picture is 
attached, placed upon a card. 



PAINTINGS. 



15 



T. Samuel Adams, 

8. George Clinton, 

9. William Paca, 

10. Samuel Chase, 

11. Lewis Morris, 

12. William Floyd, 

13. Arthur Middleton, 

14. Thomas Hay ward, 

15. Charles Carroll, 

16. George Walton, 

17. Robert Morris, 

18. Thomas Willing, 

19. Benjamin Rush, 

20. Elbridge Gerry, 

21. Robert Treat Payne, 

22. Abraham Clark, 

23. Stephen Hopkins, 

24. William Ellery, 

25. George Clymer, 

26. William Hooper, 

27. Joseph Hewes, 

28. James Wilson, 

29. Francis Hopkinson, 

30. John Adams, 

31. Roger Sherman, 

32. Robert R. Livingston, 

33. Thomas Jefferson, 

34. Benjamin Franklin, 

35. Richard Stockton, 

36. Francis Lewis, 

37. John Witherspoon, 

38. Samuel Huniington, 

39. William Williams, 

40. Oliver Wolcott, 

41. John Hancock, 

42. Charles Thompson, 

43. George Reed, 

44. John Dickinson, 

45. Edward Rutledge, 

46. Thomas McKean, 

47. Philip Livingston, 



of Massachusetts, 
of New York, 
of Maryland, 
of Maryland, 
of New York, 
of New York, 
of South Carolina, 
of South Carolina, 
of Maryland, 
of Georgia, 
of Pennsylvania, 
of Pennsylvania, 
of Pennsylvania, 
of Massachusetts, 
of Massachusetts, 
of New Jersey, 
of Rhode Island, 
of Rhode Island, 
of Pennsylvania, 
of North Carolina, 
of North Carolina, 
of Pennsylvania, 
of New Jersey, 
of Massachusetts, 
of Connecticut, 
of New York, 
of Virginia, 
of Pennsylvania, 
of New Jersey, 
of New York, 
of New Jersey, 
of Connecticut, 
of Connecticut, 
of Connecticut, 
of Massachusetts, 
of Pennsylvania, 
of Delaware, 
of Delaware, 
of South Carolina, 
of Pennsylvania, 
of New York. 



SURRENDER OF GENERAL BURG0YNE, 

The importance of the victory of Bennington, and, after- 
wards, of Saratoga, (where the surrender took place,) to the 
American cause, gives to this picture peculiar interest. Gen. 
Gates here won imperishable honors, and, though unfortunate 
afterwards, he was still the brave and honorable man. The 
painting represents the moment the surrender of General Bur- 
goyne takes place, who is seen on the left as having just dis- 
mounted, attended by General Philips and other officers, near 
the markee of General Gates. In front General Gates is seen 



16 PAINTINGS. 

advancing to meet his prisoner, who is in the act of offering Ms 
sword,, which General Gates declines to receive, and: invites 
them to enter and partake of refreshment. Near the Genera!,, 
on the right, a number of the principal officers of the Ameri- 
can army are assembled, who are regarding the scene with 
freat interest. In the distance is discovered the confluence of 
ish creek and the North river, where the British left their ar- 
my; the troops are distinctly seen crossing the creek and the 
meadows, under I he direction of Colonel (late Governor) Lew- 
is, then Quartermaster General, and advancing towards the 
foreground. Now they disappear behind the wood, and again 
appear. Officers on horseback, American, British and Ger- 
man, precede the head of the column, and form an interesting 
cavalcade, following the two dismounted Generals, thus uni- 
ting the different parts of the picture. 

The portraits of the following officers are introduced : — 

1. Major Lithgow, of Massachusetts, 

2. Colonel Cilly, of New Hampshire, 

3. General Starks, of New Hampshire, 

4. Captain Seymour, of Conn., of Sheldon's Horse, 

5. Major Hull, of Massachusetts, 

6. Colonel Greaton, of Massachusetts, 

7. Major Dearborn, of New Hampshire, 

8. Colonel Scammell, of New Hampshire, 

9>. Colonel Lewis, Quartermaster General, New York, 

10. Major General Phillips, British, 

11. Lieutenant General Burgoyne, British, 

12. General Baron Reidesel, German, 

13. Colonel Wilkinson, Deputy Adj. Gen., American, 

14. General Gates, 

15. Colonel Prescott, Massachusetts Volunteer, 

16. Colonel Morgan, of the Virginia Riflemen, 

17. Brig. General Rufus Putnam, of Massachusetts, 
]^8, Lieut. Colonel Brooks, late Gov. of Massachusetts, 

19. Rev. Mr. Hitchcock, Chaplain, of Rhode Island, 

20. Major Robert Troup, Aid-de-Camp, of New York, 

21. Major Haskell, of Massachusetts, 

22. Mvjor Armstrong, Aid-de Camp, now General, 

23. Major General Philip Schuyler, of Albany, 

24. Brigadier General Glover, of Massachueetts, 

25. Brig. General Whipple, of New Hampshire Militia, 

26. Maj. Matthew Clarkson, Aid-de-Camp, of N. York, 

27. Maj. Ebenezer Stevens, of Mass., Com. the Art'y. 

SURRENDER OF LORD CQRNWALLIS, AT YQRKTOWN. 

This was the decisive blow which terminated the conflict 
between the American and British forces, and compelled Great 
Britain to acknowledge the independence of the United States 
of America. The term3 of capitulation, insisted upon by the 
Americans here, in consequence of the refusal of Lord Corn- 
wallis to allow Geneial Lincoln the honor of marching out of 
Charleston, South Carolina, with colors flying, &c, were the 
same which the British General compelled the American Gea* 



PAINTINGS. 17 

eral to accede to, and General Lincoln was appointed to super- 
intend the submission of the British at Yorktown, in the same 
manner the American troops at Charleston had been subject to 
only eighteen months before. This is the ground-work of the 
whole design of the picture. 

"The American troops were drawn up on the right of the 
road leading into York ; General Washington and the Ameri- 
can General officers on the right; the French troops on the 
opposite side of the road, facing them ; General Rochambeau 
and the principal officers of the French navy and army on the 
left. The British troops marched out of town "with shoulder- 
ed arms, colors cased, and drums beating a British and German 
march," passed between the two lines of victorious troops to a 
place appointed, where they grounded their arms, left them, 
and returned unarmed to their quarters in the town. 

"The painting represents the moment when the principal of- 
ficers of the British army, conducted by General Lincoln, are 
passing the two groups of American and French Generals, and 
entering between the two lines of the victors ; by this means 
the principal officers of the three nations are brought together, 
so as to admit of distinct portraits. In the centre of the pain- 
ting, in the distance, is seen the entrance of the town, with the 
captured troops marching out, following their officers, and also 
a distant glimpse of York river, and the entrance of the Ches- 
apeake bay, as seen from the spot. 

"The portraits of the French officers were obtained in Paris 
in 1787, and were paintpctfrom the living men, in the house of 
Mr. Jefferson, then Minister to France from the United 
States." 

1. Count Deuxponts, Colonel of French Infantry, 

2. Duke de Laval Montmorency, Col. of Fr. Infantry, 

3. Count Custine, Colonel of French Infantry, 

4. Duke de Lauzun, Colonel of Cavalry, French, 

5. General Choizy, 

6. Viscount Viomenil. 

7. Marquis de St. Simon, 

8. Count Fersen, Aid de-Camp of Count Rochambeau, 

9. Count Charles Daraas, Aid-de-Camp of do., 

10. Marquis Chastellux, 

11. Baron Viomenil, 

12. Count de Barras, Admiral, 

13. Count de Grasse, Admiral, 

14. Count Rochambeau, Gen. en Chef des Francais, 

15. General Lincoln, 

16. Colonel Ebenezer Stevens, of the American Artillery, 

17. General Washington, Commander-in-Chief, 

18. Thomas Nelson, Governor of Virginia, 
10. Marquis Lafayette, 

20. Baron Steuben, 

21. Colonel Cobb, Aid-de-Camp to Gen. Washington, 

22. Colonel Trumbull, Secretary to Gen. Washington, 

23. Major General James Clinton, of New York, 

2* 



18 PAINTINGS, 

24. General Gist, of Maryland, 

25. General Anthony Wayne, of Pennsylvania, 

26. General Hand, Adjutant General, of Pennsylvania, 

27. General Peter Muhlenberg, of Pennsylvania, 

28. Major General Henry Knox, Com. of Artillery, 

29. lit. Col. E. Huntington, acting Aid to Gen. Lincoln, 

30. Colonel Timothy Pickering, Quartermaster General, 

31. Col. Alexander Hamilton, Com. Light Infantry, 

32. Colonel John Laurens, of South Carolina, 

33. Colonel Walter Stuart, of Philadelphia, 

34. Colonel Nicholas Fish, of New York. 

DESIGNATION OF GENERAL WASHINGTON, AT ANNAPOLIS, 
DECEMBER 23, 1783. 

This is one of the most beautiful pictures of the series, both 
for design and execution; the subject is of absorbing interest ; 
the portraits are striking, especially that of Washington, who 
is represented in the preparatory act of delivering his commis- 
sion to the President of Congress, having just finished his ad- 
dress to the assembly. The history of this extraordinary event 
is as follows : General Washington, having taken an affection - 
ate leave of the army, at New York, proceeded to Annapolis, 
accompanied by his officers, and there resigned his commission 
into the hands of the representatives of the people, thereby di- 
vesting himself of all authority, and retired to private life. A 
singular circumstance, exemplifying the character of our Go- 
vernment, occurred on this occasion : The President of Con- 
gress, Thomas MifUin, into whose hands the General resigned 
his commission, had been (in 1775) his first Aid-de-Camp ; 
and, further, he to whom we are indebted for this picture had 
been his second. 

The following is a list of the portraits introduced : 

1. Thomas Mifflin, of Penn., President of Congress, 

2. Charles Thompson, of Penn., Mem. of Congress, 

3. Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, «• 

4. Hugh Williamson, of North Carolina, "- • 

5. Samuel Osgood, of Massachusetts, " 

6. Edward McComb, of Delaware, "■■ 

7. George Partridge, of Massachusetts, "• 

8. Edward Lloyd, of Maryland, " 

9. R. I). Spaieht, of North Carolina, 

10. Benjamin Hawkins, of North Carolina, " 

11. A. Foster, of New Hampshire, " 

12. Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, " 

13. Arthur Lee, of Virginia, " 

14. David Howell, of Rhode Island, 

15. James Monroe, of Virginia, " 

16. Jacob Reid, of South Carolina, t( 

17. James Madison, of Virginia, spectator, 

18. William Ellery, of Rhode Island, 

19. Jeremiah Townley Chase, of Md., " 

20. S. Hardy, of Virginia* *f 



SCULPTURE SUBJECTS. 19 

21. Charles Morris, of Pennsylvania, " 

22. General Washington, of Virginia, 

23. Colonel Benjamin Walker, > A; , . « 

24. Colonel David Humphreys, ) A,d " (,e Cam P 5 ' 

25. General Smallwood, of Maryland, spectator, 

26. Gen. Otho Holland Williams, ofMd., " 

27. Colonel Samuel Smith, of Maryland, " 
23. Col. John E. Howard, of Maryland, « 

29. Charles Canoll, and two daughters, 

of Maryland, " 

30. Mrs. Washington and her three 

grand- children, " 

31. Dan. of St. Thomas, Jenifer, of Md., " 

The four corresponding panels on the opposite side of the 
rotundo are filled as follows : 1st, Baptism of Pocahontas, by 
Chapman; 2d, Landing of Columbus, by Vanderline ; 3d, 
Sailing of the Mayflower with the Pilgrim Fathers, by Weir; 
the 4th is yet to fill with an equally interesting subject, name- 
ly, Columbus before the Council at Salmanca. 

SCULPTURE SUBJECTS. 

The panels over the four doors of entrance into the rotundo 
are occupied with historical subjects in sculpture. Over the 
East door is represented the Landing of the Pilgrims on Ply- 
mouth Rock, from the chisel of Caucici. The group consists 
of four figures in bold relief, the pilgrim, his wife and child, 
and an Indian. The latter is seated on a rock, and holding an 
ear of corn in his hand, apparently waiting the arrival of the 
boat. The pilgrim is represented in the act of stepping out of 
the boat, and advancing to receive from the Indian the symbol 
of friendship tendered by him. The Indian is a prominent ob- 
ject in this picture, and is in good keeping; his brawny form 
and rude costume being in strong contrast with the delicate 
features and puritanic dress of the pilgrim. In the hinder part 
of the boat is seen the wife of the pilgrim, with eyes and hands 
uplifted in devotional gra'itude that their sufferings and hard- 
ships were at last end%d ; and near her is the little son of their 
hopes, whose countenance expresses emotions of fear and won- 
der, while he seerns desirous of preventing the landing of his 
father. All the figures are prominent, and upon the prow of 
the boat is seen inscribed the memorable year "1620."* 

Over the West door is represented the preservation of Cap- 
tain Smith by Pocahontas, from the chisel of Cappelano, who 
possessed a talent for execution of the first order; but there is a 
failure in the design, both in the costume, features, and truth, 

* The very rock, upon which the Pilgrims first landed, is 
stated, in the history of New England, to be now standing in 
the centre of the town of Plymouth, where it is known by the 
name of the "Forefather's Rock," ?nd venerated by all Amer- 
icans — nay, all friends to religious liberty. 



20 SCULPTURE SUBJECTS. 

in point of fact ; the group consists of five figures. The mo- 
ment represented is when the death-blow was prepared to be 
given the brave Captain Smith, and its prevention by the for- 
tunate interposition of the youthful Pocahontas, the daughter 
of the Indian chieftain Powhatan; she is represented in the 
act of hanging over Smith, to protect him from the blow. Be- 
sides the Indian with the war-club, at the head, there is anoth- 
er who stands at the feet of the captive, to whom the chief, 
Powhatan, seated behind, motions with his hand to stay the 
blow of death. It is to be regretted that the artist was not 
furnished with the study of living subjects for his Indians, as 
we should have witnessed in the present picture a very differ- 
ent expression of features, form and costume, that now exists, 
these partaking more of the oriental character. The whole 
subject is very highly wrought, and the costumes rich, but 
wanting in truth of fact. Captain Smith furnishes the follow- 
ing- sketch of this incident, which took place in 1606: 

"Having feasted him (Captain Smith) after their best barba- 
rous manner they could, a long consultation was held, but the 
conclusion was, two great stones were brought before Powha- 
tan ; then as many as could layd hands on him, dragged him to 
them, and thereon layd his head, and being ready with their 
clubs to beat out his brains, Pocahontas, the king's dearest 
daughter, when no entreaty could prevail, got his head in her 
arms, andlaydher own upon hi% to save him from death : where- 
at the emperor (Powhatan) was contented that he should live 
to make him hatchets, and her belis, beads and copper." 

Over the North entrance is represented the treaty with the 
Indians by William Penn. This picture displays a spreading 
elm « (which stood near Philadelphia, and rendered remarkable 
from this event;)* under its ample shade the great founder of 
Pennsylvania is seen in open and friendly negotiation with two 
Indian chiefs, and holding in his hand the treaty of 1682. The 
elder Indian chief has in his hand a large camulet or pipe of 
peace, and seems to be attentively listening to the talk of the 
younger, while Penn patiently watches the effect of the dis- 
course. The artist, Monsieur Gevelot, has rigidly preserved 
the peculiar costume of this great man. clad in the habiliments 
of the religious sect to which he was attached ; and he has es- 
sayed a portrait with tolerable effect, but in the neighborhood 
of the subjects previously described it loses most of its interest. 

The last piece of historical sculpture seen here is over the 
South door; it represents the conflict between Boon and the In- 
dians. The most difficult subject of sculpture in the rotundo, 
and possessing, both in design and execution, more merit than 
all the rest. We have to regret the very limited field the ar- 
tist had to work in ; for though the deadly combat might not 
have taken up more space than is here given> it, yet the subject 
13 worthy of a larger panel. 

* The author has preserved a block of this tree, which 1% 
turned into a beautiful vase. 



THE ROTUNDO. 21 

The figures are of colossal size ; the moment chosen by the 
artist is when the intrepid Boon has just discharged his rifle, 
which has laid an Indian at his feet, and is attacked by anoth- 
er, who aims a deadly blow with his tomahawk, which Boon 
averts by elevating his rifle with his left hand, while his right 
draws the long knife which is to terminate the dreadful com- 
bat. There is more of the Indian character and costume re- 
presented in these figures than in any of the other sculptured 
pictures; and full justice has been done to the form and fea- 
tures of the intrepid Boon, whose cool resolution and self-pos- 
Fession are strongly contrasted with the ferocity and reckless- 
ness of the savage. Associated with the scene is the deep lone 
forest of the "Far West ;" the boughs of a tree are seen wa- 
ving over the beads of the combatants, and on its bark is carved 
"1773," the year when the incident occurred. This work is 
from the chisel of Caucici, a pupil of the celebrated Canova, 
and worthy of so great a master. If the ether subjects of 
sculpture described possess any merit, this of "Boon's conflict 
with the Indians'' possesses more. But justice was not done 
to the artist in the execution of either this or the "Landing of 
the Pilgrims," as he was hun ied for time, and limited in price ; 
what he has done shows what he was capable of doing if the 
opportunity had been given him.* 

The rotundo, which we have just described, is a perfect Ba- 
bel of sounds, the slamming of a door producing a noise like 
thunder; for colloquial purposes, therefore, it is useless, nothing 
scarcely that is said at the least distance can be understood ; 

* It must be confessed that the historical sculpture we have 
just been describing is in bad taste here, and should be oblite- 
rated or covered, and paintings or inscriptions of the same sub- 
ject substituted. I have always questioned the propriety and 
good taste of historical sculpture, and whether the art should 
not be confined, in this department, to single subjects, except 
perhaps under allegorical representations. All that I have 
seen of historical sculpture has confirmed me in this opinion, 
and these in the rotundo, it stead of lessening, has increased it. 
Paintings are decidedly belter for historical representations 
than sculpture, and, where they are designed for the interior of 
a building, there can be no question on the subject. The 
scenery which is associatea with every historical representa- 
tion, and which should accompany it, can only be portrayed 
by the pencil — the chisel may essay it in vain. How different 
is the effect on the eye contrasting this sculpture with the 
paintings below; the former is scarcely noticed, though repre- 
senting deeply interesting subjects, while the eye dwells upon 
the latter with real pleasure and instruction. For the credit of 
the good tas-te of our country it is to be hoped that suitable 
paintings will take the place of these sculptures; and, if we 
will have historical subjects cut in stone, let them be placed on 
the exterior, and not in the interior of the building. 



22 



yet, as a music room, and for a single instrument of the most 
delicate construction, for instance the musical box, the effect 
is most delightful ; it is as if a whole band of music was per- 
forming, or a3 if the pealing of the full-toned organ swelled 
upon the ear. Those fond of plaintive music may, in the deep 
silence of this room, enjoy a treat, if they will but biing with 
them a musical box. 

The dome of the rotundo possesses a rare curiosity ; a fine 
whispering gallery, equal to the celebrated whispering gallery 
of St. Paul's, London, but it is now inaccessible. So great a 
novelty has been overlooked in the construction of this dome ; 
there is no communication with the top of the cornice, or 
spring of the dome, where the gallery should be. The atten- 
tion of the Committee of Public Buildings has been called to 
this subject, and it is hoped that means may be adopted which 
would enable the visiter to enjoy so interesting a curiosity, and 
which would result in developing some important facts con- 
nected with the science of acoustics. 

Passing through the South door of the rotundo you enter a 
beautiful circular vestibule, surmounted by an enriched circu- 
lar paneled dome ; on the left a door leads into the principal 
staircase of the House of Representatives. On the right, a 
little in front, a door leads to a circular flight of stone steps 
communicating from the basement floor to the roof; it also 
communicates with the galleries of the House appropriated to 
gentlemen. The entrances to the ladies' galleries are at the end 
of the lobbies, back of the Hall. In front, or on the South side 
of the vestibule, is the entrance to the outer lobby of the House; 
on the right and left this lobby continues all round the circle 
of the Hall of Congress, having doors of communication with 
the same ; at the entrance on the left-hand a stair-way 
leads to the library of the House ; further on, on the same side, 
a passage door opens to the Speaker's room. The Sergeant at- 
Arms and Door keeper's room comes next, opposite to which 
is one of the main entrances to the Hall, ami lastly, a door 
leads into the private lobby for members ; at the end of this 
lobby a passage conducts to the staircases communicating with 
the galleries for ladies. Parts of the main galleries are here di- 
vided off for ladies also. 

The lobby on the right of the main entrance opens first to a 
sta'r-way to the document room above ; further on, a door on 
the right, under the stairs, opens into a private passage lead- 
ing to the packing and paper rooms, the water closets, clerks' 
rooms and library, in the order named ; opposite to this door, 
under the stairs, is an entrance to the Hall, and further on, 
nearly opposite, is the post-office' of the House, the letters ar- 
ranged in glazed boxes, which are suitably numbered; a letter 
box is provided here to receive such letters as strangers or oth- 
ers may direct to members, at the end of which is another 
opening into a passage leading, as on the other side, to the 
gtair-ways communicating with the ladies' galleries. If we en- 
ter the Hull by one of these doors, and pass into the loggia, qy 



representatives' hall. 23 

promenade for members and privileged persons we shall have 
in vijwthe whole circuit of the magnificent colonnade screen- 
ing the public galleries, the splendid rostrum (brining the 
Speaker's chair, and the Clerks' and Sergeant-at-Arms' desks, 
as also the numerous concentric rings of seats and desks of the 
members. 

This room has been acknowledged by all who have seen it to 
he the most elegant Legis'ative Hall in the world. It is purely 
Grecian in its design and decorations. The outline of the plan 
is a semi-circle of 96 feet chord, elongated in its diameter line 
by a parallelogram 72 feet long by 25 feet wide. The height to 
the top of the entablature blocking is 35 feet, and to the apex 
of the domed ceiling 57 feet. The circular colonnade is made 
up of 14 columns and 2 antes, of the richest Corinthian pro- 
portions ; the shafts are composed of a remarkably beautiful 
species of variegatod marble, called Breccia, in solid blocks, 
obtained from the banks of the Potomac, some miles above the 
city ; the capitals are of white Italian marble, sculptured after 
a specimen taken from the temple of Jupiter Stator, at Romej 
the most admired specimen of capitals of this delicately beau- 
tiful order. The entablature is after the proportions of that in 
the same temple, ornamented with dentils and modillions, en- 
riched between and underneath with leaves and roses. Over 
the colonnade springs a magnificent painted paneled dome,en* 
riched with ornamented bands and friezes, executed by a young 
Italian artist, named Bonani, who possessed much merit as a 
decorative painter; he died soon after the completion of his 
work. The apex of this dome is pierced by a circular aper- 
ture, crowned by a lantern, which admits abundance cf light, 
and serves at the same time to ventilate the room. 

The colonnade of the loggia is composed of 8 columns and 
2 antes, of the same order, and finished in the same style with 
the circular colonnade. A grand arch of 72 feet chord springs 
over the entablature Of this colonnade, under which, and stan- 
ding upon the blocking of the cornice, is a noble colossal fig- 
ure of Liberty, executed in plaster, and intended as a model 
lor a marble statue, which, however, has never been execu- 
ted. It is certainly a splendid figure, possessing dignity and 
grace, and, withal, a mildness characteristic of the genius of 
our free institutions. She seems to be looking down upon the 
assembled representatives of her children with anxious solici- 
tude, and thus addressing them : "Be careful, my sons, to pre- 
serve inviolate the high trust committed to your charge; be 
true to the principles of the glorious Constitution established 
by your fathers, under my auspices; so shall you gain imper- 
ishable honor, and your names be handed down to a grateful 
posterity as the firm upholders and preservers of the last hope 
of an oppressed world." On the right side of this figure of 
Liberty is thefrustrum of a column serving as an altar, around 
which a serpent is entwined, the emblem of wisdom ; on the 
right, at her feet, reposes a beautiful eagle, the bird chosen, 
and fitted, to surmount the American banner, and guard her 
armorial designs. 



24 representatives' hall. 

it is to be regretted that the genius who modelled this figure 
was not permitted to execute in marble what he had executed 
In plaster ; we should, no doubt, have had a chef d'auvre, one 
that would have rivalled the chisel of a Canova. But this ge- 
nius has sunk into the grave, Causici, the proud, eccentric 
Causici, chagrined and neglected, fell a victim to disappointed 
ambition. '1 he writer of this knew him well, and had an op- 
portunity of judging of his talent and industry. 

The most commanding view of this figure is from the galle- 
ries in front. Its noble bearing attracts the eye, and rivets the 
attention. The ample folds of its robes, flowing down and 
spreading over the platform upon which it stands, its out- 
stretched arm, expressive of kindness, and its graceful atti- 
tude, all tend to increase the interest it at first excited. 

In the frieze of the entablature, under the figure of Libert}', 
Is a spread eagle, sculptured in relief, on the stone, and repre- 
sented just prepared for flight; it was copied from nalure by 
an Italian sculptor of high reputation, Seignior Valaperti, 
whose mysterious disappearance, soon after he had completed 
this his only work in this country, excited considerable inter- 
est. He was, it is said, retiring in his habits, and of a melan- 
choly temperament. It has been supposed that, in a fit of 
despondency, perhaps disappointment, he put an end to his 
unhappy life by drowning, as a body resembling him was 
found in the Potomac a month after his disappearance. It 
must be confessed that Valaperti was unfortunate in the atti- 
tude he had placed his eagle, which gave rise to some severe 
remarks of its resemblance to a turkey -buzzard, that, bo 
doubt, wounded his pride. 

From the public galleries you have a full view of the ladies' 

fallery, placed over the loggia, and fronted by a handsome 
ronzed iron railing ; this gallery is capable of containing 200 
persons ; the public gallery will accommodate 500. 

Between the columns surrounding the Hall crimson curtains 
are hung, ornamented with rich draperies. The curtain deco- 
rations about the Speaker's chair are very splendid ; the drape- 
ries of rich crimson silk damask, flowing down as from a cen- 
tre from the top of the capitals of the columns, and spreading 
out on each side, covering the whole breadth of the back of 
the Speaker's chair with its appendages. Opposite the chair, 
and on a level with the balustrade of the galleries, the curtains 
dispart and display a beautiful marble figure, representing 
History, standing in the winged car of Time, in the act of re- 
cording events. The car is placed upon a marble globe, on 
which is figured, in basso relievo, the signs of the zodiac; and 
upon the face of the wheel the hours are placed, which form 
the clock of the Hall. The whole is finely designed, and 
handsomely executed. It is the work of Seignior Franzonij a 
meritorious artist, who died in this city. History appears to 
be directing her attention to what is passing before her, and 
noting down events; her drapery seems flying in the wind, in- 



representatives' hall. 25 

dicative of the rapid flight of time, and the importance of im- 
proving it. 

The Speaker's chair is placed on an open rostrum, or plat- 
form, elevated about four feet above the general level ot the 
floor, enclosed by a rich bronzed fluted balustrade, surmounted 
by an impost, crowned with a low brass railing; on each side 
of the Speaker's chair are desks; that on the right occupied 
by the Sergeant-at-Arms ; the other, reserved for. the Speaker 
when the House is in committee. 

The Clerks' desk is elevated on a variegated marble zocle or 
base, three steps below the Speaker's floor ; upon this is placer! 
a lich mahogany record table, enclosed below with beautiful 
curtains of damask silk, and above with a brass dwarf railing; 
the steps rise up on each side to both platforms. 

The recesses between the columns of the room are filled 
by sofas, except those occupied by the reporters' boxes, there 
being ten spaces allotted on the floor of the House for these 
gentlemen, each accommodating two persons, or three upon 
an emergency. 

From the Speaker's chair you have a complete command of 
(he whole House, every member's seat being open to view, 
displayed in sections, from one to six seats generally to each. 
Every member has a section desk allotted to him, and these 
are disposed in circular lines, described from the Speaker's 
chair as a centre, the aisles forming iadii from the centre. — 
When the House is in full session the views from the chair, or 
from the galleries, is very imposing, as may be imagined from 
the fact that here are assembled, in one body, 228 members, 
representing the intelligence and wealth of the nation. The 
desks are all ef mahogany, and numbered, each one having an 
arm chair, so that ample room is afforded every member. 

The floor upon which the desks are placed gradually rises 
from the level near the clerk's table to the outer range ; the 
aisles are inclined planes, but the platform of the desks are le- 
vel, and consequently form steps. Back of the outer row of 
seats a bronzed iron and curtained railing encloses the space 
occupied by the members' seats, which is denominated "The 
bar of the House." Outside of this commences the lobby for 
the use of the members, and such privileged persons as may 
be admitted on this floor. 

Level with the floor of the main aisle are several apertures, 
covered with brass ventilators, through which a constant cur- 
rent of warm air issues, that disseminates a uniform tempera- 
ture throughout the room. In the coldest weather here, the 
temperate heat of a summer shade is experienced. The space 
under the floor of the house, which was formed when the floor 
was raised, is arched with brick, and constitutes a reservoir for 
the air, which, previous to its introduction, has been properly 
heated by means of two furnaces in the basement story, under 
the Hall; hence, the whole surface of the floor is kept warm, 
much to the comfort of the members, who, previous to the 
raising of the floor, suffered much from the damp and cold of 

3 



26 representatives' hall. 

the sunken floor. The ladies' gallery, over the loggia, has 
been appropriated expressly lor their accommodation, and such 
gentlemen as may accompany them ; the seats and backs are 
all handsomely cushioned, and, from its elevated position, eve- 
ry advantage for seeing and hearing is afforded. The panels 
of ihe Walls on each side, and in front of this gallery, are or- 
namented with full length portraits of the excellent Lafayette * 
and the Father of hw Country ; the latter by Vanderlinej the 
former by a French artist. Underneath these pictures are co- 
pies of the Declaration of Independence, in rich frames, 
crowned with an eagle and. other emblematic ornaments.* 

The adoption of the semi-circular form in the plan of this 
Hall by the architect, (Mr. Latrobe,) was the result of a con- 
viction of its being best suited for legislative purposes. When 
the French Chamber of Deputies resolved upon the erection 
of a new hall for debate, they appointed a committee, com- 
posed of the most celebrated architects of France, to inquire 
into the subject, and report upon the best form of a room for 
legislative business. After examining the largest rooms in 
Paris, and the most celebrated buildings of antiquity, they 
Unanimously recommended the horse shoe, or semi-circular 
form, surmounted by a very flat dome ; which plan was accor- 
dingly executed, and has given every satisfaction. The hall 
of the Chamber of Deputies is said to be one of the finest 
speaking and hearing rooms known. There is an important 
difference, however, between the plan of that hall and ours. 
The walls of the French chamber are perfectly plain, (not 
fretted with repeated recesses,) and covered with a very flat 
dome. The walls of our hall are broken, or fretted with a se* 
ries of projecting columns, forming a continuous colonnaded 
gallery, and covered with a too lofty dome. The position of 
.the tribune in the Hall of Deputies, from whence the members 
luldress the Chamber, is along the line of the diameter; conse- 
quently, they speak to the circle, and every member receives 
the full force of the words spoken. 

That the circular form is the best adapted to the action of 
the voice the practice of all ages proves. The ancient Greeks 
and Romans adopted this form ; and the moderns, in many of 
their rooms for public speaking, pursued the same plan. We 
have only to refer to the theatres and ampitheatres, whether of 
modern or ancient construction, in confirmation of this. If 
the ancients were not governed by scientific principles in se- 
lecting the circular form for their buildings, they acquired the 
knowledge of its superiority by experience. The moderns 
appear to have followed the example of the ancients, in the 

* Provision has been made for lighting] up this beautiful 
room at night by the solar gas upon Mr. Crutchett's plan, prin- 
cipally from a splendid chandelier at the apex of the dome.-— 
One thing further is wanted to perfect the comfort of this room, 
uamely, a free ventilation, which is as necessary here as in the 
Senate Chamber* 



representatives' hall. 27 

adoption of this form for their speaking rooms, without inqui- 
ring into its correctness upon scientific p-inciples; otherwise 
we should not now witness so many absurd forms ; for, had 
they known the true principles upon which sound is propaga- 
ted, very different results would have followed. The subject 
of acoustics has been little understood, especially by practical 
men; if it had, we should not see so many blunders committed 
in the construction of our public edifices. A room to be pro- 
perly constructed, to support and convey the voice, must pos- 
sess the capacity of producing a multitude of consonant 
echoes, and as few dissonant sounds as possible; for, in pro- 
portion to the predominance of the former, is the perfection of 
the room to produce a distinct utterance of the voice. Now, 
the circular surface is best adapted to effect this ; and in pro- 
portion as this surface approximates to the spherical form, the 
more powerful will be the effect of the sound propagated 
therein; for such a form would produce an infinity of conso- 
nant echoes: but the spherical form is not suited for practical 
purposes, and if it were, the souud would be too powerful to 
be agreeable ; more than is necessary is often as injurious as 
not having enough. In all operations there is a medium to be 
observed, and in adopting a form of room, special reference 
must be had to the object for which the room is designed. A 
bad speaking room often makes a good music room. The mosc 
practical form of room for legislative or forensic debate is a 
complete circle, covered with a very slight concave ceiling ; 
the whole entire height, walls and dome, not exceeding the 
length of the radius describing the circle. Such a room the 
writer of this had contsructed for public speaking in the city 
of Philadelphia, and it is acknowledged to be a most perfect 
room for speaking and hearing in. I have been induced thus 
to digress, in order to explain the ground upon which the al- 
terations and improvements made in this hall were based ; and 
as the subject has been a matter of notoriety, as well in as out 
of Congress, for several years past, it becomes necessary to 
show that these alterations were not founded upon erroneous 
or speculative grounds, but upon the true principles regulating 
sound, and upon experience; also, that in case other public 
rooms are found deficient in conveying the voice, and require 
alteration, the principles upon which such alterations should 
be grounded may be known.* 

Passing out of the Hall and into the great rotundo, the door 
on the opposite side under the sculpture of the "treaty of Wil- 
liam Penn with the Indians," leads to the Senate chamber; 
before reaching it, you enter first an elliptical rotundo, 
surrounded in the centre by a circular open colonnade lighted 
from above, having several doors ; that on the right opening 
upon the landing ot the marble staircase of the Senate, where 
a door to the left leads to the public galleries ; the door on the 

* Previous to the alterations in this room, the members sat 
on a floor three feet lower than they do now, and the walls be^ 
kind the colonnade were broken into irregular surfaces. 



28 SENATE CHAMBER. 

left leads to another staircase into which the water closets 
open, and by a passage to the Post Office and document fold- 
ing rooms of the Senate. At the end of the passage is a stone 
stairway communicating above and below, as well as with the 
roof. The door in the rotundo in front opens into a little 
staircase which leads to the ladies' galleries;, passing on, you 
enter the vestibule of the Senate, a quadrangular vaulted room 
lighted from above, with a screen of marble columns on one 
side ; the door in front, on the right, opens into a passage and 
stairway to rooms above, and beyond, to that of the ante room 
of the Senate ; the door in front, on the left, leads by a passage 
to the President of the Senate's room, and that of the Secre- 
tary of the Senate. The doors behind the colonnade lead to the 
executive Clerks &c other offices of the Senate. The large door 
on the right of the vestibule opens into the Senate chamber. — 
This is a /arge semi-circular room covered with a dame, richly 
ornamented with deep sunken panels and circular apertures to 
admit light from above; across the chord of the semi-circle, 
a screen of columns stretches on each side of the President's 
chair, which is placed in a niche on an elevated platform, in 
front of which below are the Secretary and chief Clerk's desk. 
The columns ot this screen are of the Grecian Ionic order, 
and composed of the beautiful variegated marble of the Poto- 
mac, with caps of Italian white ; these, with its entablature, 
support a gallery; in front of which is another, but lighter gal- 
lery, running round the circle of the room, supported by reed- 
ed bronzed iron columns, surmounted by a rich gilt iron bal- 
ustrade. A splendid picture of the bust of Washington, by 
Rembrandt Peale, elegantly framed and draperied, i3 placed 
against the wall, over the east gallery. This picture is consid- 
ered a chef d'ceuvre, and the most correct likeness of this illus- 
trious man extant. The writer, when a boy, had the good for- 
tune of seeing General Washington, and the impression made 
of his countenance corresponds nearer to the representation in 
this picture than any other seen by him, and he has witnessed 
many. Mr. Peale haa multiplied this excellent portrait, by a 
superb lithographic print on a large scale. The walls of the 
Senate chamber above are hung with drapery, that over the 
President's seat is very splendid. 

The principal light of this room comes in from the East ; 
President's chair is placed on the line of the diameter of the 
circle, and from this, as a centre, the Senators' desks describe 
concentric curves, cut by radii, which form the aisles. These 
desks are all of mahogany, and single, each with a large arm- 
chair ; they are placed on platform?, gradually rising one above 
the other. The number of desks at present is fifty-eight — one 
to each Senator. 

The Senate Chamber is of the same general form with the 
Hall of Representatives, but has the advantage of piain walls 
and few recesses ; consequently, is a good speaking and hear- 
ing room. The dome is very flat. The dimensions of this 



ENTRANCES, &C. 29 

chamber are as follows : 75 feet in its greatest length, or dia- 
meter, 45 in its greatest width, and 45 feet high. 

In the original design of this room there was an upper galle- 
ry on the East side, supported by an attic colonnade, which, in 
consequence of obstructing the light, was removed in 1828 ; 
and this gave rise to the construction of the light semi circu- 
lar gallery on the West side. Back of the last tier of Senators' 
seats is an enclosure, forming the bar of the Senate, outside of 
which is a lobby furnished with handsome sofas, lor the ac- 
commodation of privileged persons.* The deficiency of space 
for visiters in this room is very sensibly felt during the session 
of Congress ; for such has always been the attraction here, 
that the galleries and lobbies are often crowded to excess, 
much to the annoyance of the Senate. The access to these 
galleries has been often objected to, particularly by the ladies; 
and hence, they are mostly crowded in upon the Senate. It 
has been proposed to divide a portion of the circular gallery 
for the use of the ladies, and to have a distinct entrance to the 
same, which, no doubt, would induce many of them to occupy 
it. Adjoining- the Senate chamber, on the South, is the Post 
Office room of the Senate, also for the Sergeant at-Arms and 
Door-keepers, which room opens out into the principal 
staircase, f 

In respect to the principal staircases and entrances to the 
two houses of Congress, they are all unworthy of the rooms 
they communicate with; being confined, dark, and difficult to 
be found by strangers. Those unacquainted with these en- 
trances, and desirous of communicating with either House, 
would do well to enter by the centre of the building into the 
rotundo, from whence they may readily find their way to the 
Senate or Hall of Representatives— the door under "the Penn 
treaty" leading to the Senate Chamber, and that under 
"Boon's conflict with the Indians" to the Hall. 

The way to the Library of Congress from the great rotundo, 
is through the West door, under the sculpture representing 
"the preservation of Captain Smith." Passing through this 
door, you enter on the landing of the principal stairway ascen- 
ding from the West front ; turning to the right or left you pass 
along a colonnaded gallery, and reach the main corridor run- 
ning North and South : on the opposite side ot this, a door 
opens into the library; a splendid room, 92 feet long, 34 feet 
wide, and 36 feet high. At the entrance are two stone col- 
umns in advance, with capitals corresponding with those in the 

* No person is admitted on this floor, except introduced by a 
Senator. 

t During the past season the Senate chamber has undergone 
important improvement*, among which is the plan of Mr. J. 
Skirving for ventilating the room. This chamber has also been 
better lighted from above, and at night by the splendid solar 
light, from the rich chandelier^of Mr. Crutchett. 

3* 



30 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

octagon tower at Athens ; and immediately opposite, fronting 
the outlet into the Western colonnade, are two similar col- 
umns in advance. On each side of this central entrance, and 
extending the whole length ot the room, are a series of alcoves, 
ornamented in front with fluted pilasters, which, with their en- 
tablature, support two galleries, divided as below into twelve 
shelved recesses; above these springs the great arch forming 
the ceiling, handsomely decorated with enriched panels, bor- 
ders, and wreaths of flowers, and pierced with three circular 
apertures, handsomely ornamented, which admit the light and 
ventilate the room. 

Each alcove has a table and chair ; the cases are all wire 
glazed, with labels above, designating the subjects of the 
"works they contain. The middle of the room is furnished 
with suitable tables containing drawers to receive large 
sheets of engravings, and with sofa seats ; the whole placed on 
a Brussels carpet. The room is heated by furnaces from 
below. 

The liberality of Congress, and the urbanity of its esteemed 
and intelligent librarian, J. S. Meehan. Esq., and his assistant, 
Mr. Stelle, render this room one of the most attractive points 
in the Capitol. The valuable privileges afforded all, whether 
residents or strangers, who come properly introduced, to exam- 
ine the inestimable works contained in this library, are proper- 
ly appreciated ; for the room is usually well filled, during the 
hours it is accessible, both with ladies and gentlemen. 

The first thing that attracts the attention when entering, is 
the admirable order of arrangement of the different subjects 
embraced in this room. The several works are classed 
according to Mr. Jefferson's arrangement, corresponding "to 
the faculties of the mind employed on them." 1st, Memory, 
(result, history;) 2d, Reason, (philosophy;) 3d, Imagination, 
(fine arts.) Labels, in large characters, point out the position 
of the several classes of books in the order named above ; for 
instance, alcoves No. 1 to 4, contain works connected with 
history, ancient, modern and ecclesiastical ; natural philosophy, 
agriculture, chemistry, surgery, medicine, anatomy, zoology, 
botany, mineralogy, technical arts; No. 4 to 8, works connec- 
ted with philosophy, namely: moral philosophy, law of nature 
and nations, religion, common law, equity, ecclesiastical, 
merchant and maritime, codes, statutes, politics, commerce, 
arithmetic, geometry, mechanics, statics, dynamics, pneuma- 
tics, phonics, optics, astronomy, geography ; alcoves No. 9 to 
12, works connected with the fine arts, architecture, garden- 
ing, painting, sculpture, music, epic, tales, fables, pastoral odes, 
elegies, didactics, tragedy, comedy, dialogue, epistles, logic, 
rhetoric, orations, criticism, bibliography, languages and p->ly- 
graphical, or authors who have written on various branches. — 
The catalogue of the library now numbers about 42,000 
volumes, and gives, besides a li3t of the books, an index to the 
names of authors and annotatorsj See, 1 



SUBJEGTS OF THE MEDALS. 31 

The first Congressional library wa9 collected under the di- 
rection of Mr. Gallatin, Dr. Mitchell, and others, in 1802, and 
contained about three thousand volumes ;* it was burnt by the 
British when they fired the Capitol. This loss induced Mr. 
Jefferson to offer his valuable collection to Congress, which 
was immediately purchased ; since then considerable additions 
have been made, under the direction of the joint library com- 
mittee. This committee at present consists, on the part of the 
Senate, of Messrs. Pearce, Chalmers and Lewis ; on the part of 
the House, of Messrs. Brodhead, Campbell and McDowell. 

A law library has been attached to the Congressional library, 
which has been properly located near the Supreme Court room, 
as noticed before, under the charge of C. H. W. Meehan, as- 
sistant Librarian. 

Besides the works already enumerated, there are in the lib- 
rary a number of beautiful bronze medals, finely executed. 
The principal part of them were cast by order of the French 
Government, according to the design of M. Denon, and under 
his direction. This splendid series commences in the years 
1796 and terminates in 1815, anr', of course, embraces all the 
memorable battles and events which occurred during the reign 
of the Emperor Napoleon. There is one among the number 
commemorating his return from the island of Elba, which is 
highly prized. 

SUBJECTS OF THE MEDALS. 

The battles of Montenolte, Melissimo, Marengo, Austerlitz, 
Jena, Friedland, Essling, Wagram, Moscow, Lutzen ; the sur- 
render and capture of Mantua; conquests ol Upper and Lower 
Egypt; passage of the great St. Bernard; death of Dessaix ; 
peace of Amiens; Le Muse Napoleon; Legion of Honor; 
the school of Mines ; the code Napoleon ; the coronation at 
Paris, 4 ; the distribution of Eagles ; the tomb of Dessaix ; the 
school of Medicine; the capture of Vienna and Presbourg; 
three Emperors ; the conquest of Venice, Istria, Dalmatia and 
Naples ; confederation of the Rhine ; the occupation of the 
three Capitals ; peace of Tilsit ; the marriage of the Emperor ; 
birth of the King of Rome; the French eagres upon the Wolga 
and Borristhenes ; foundation of the school of Fine Arts ; re- 
turn of the Emperor; the Empress Maria Louisa; the Prin- 
cesses Eliza and Paulina ; the Queen of Naples ; the Queen 
Hortensia, &,c. ' 

These medals exhibit the enthusiasm of the French people, 
and the state of the fine arts in France. The likenesses are 
said to be accurate, and the whole do great credit to the taste 
and genius of the nation. In the collection are many female 
heads, celebrated for talent and beauty ; also, several of the 
Emperor's distinguished Generals, particularly his favorite 
Dessaix. The partialit)' of Napoleon to this brave officer is 
very conspicuous in the frequent honors here paid to him. 

* The act of Congress creating this library is dated April 
24, 1800. 



32 SCULPTURE SUBJECTS. 

These medals were presented by the Hon. George Washing- 
ton Irving, late Minister from the United States to the Court 
of Spain, who also added another series, embracing several of 
our American worthies in Parisian bionze. The box which 
contains them is labelled "Post ingentia facta Deorum in tem- 
pla recepti." (Their illustrious deeds have won them a place 
in the Pantheon. ) 

In the arrangement of these last medals, George Washington 
occupies the centre, with the inscripiion "Supremo duci exer- 
cituum adsertori libertaiis." (To the Commander in-Chief of 
our armies, and vindicator of our liberties) 

Encircling the Father of his Country, are the heads of 
Columbus, Franklin, Kosciusko, Paul Jones, William Wash- 
ington and J. E. Howard. The reverse of the latter medal is 
inscribed with the following : "Quod in nvtante?n hostium aci- 
em subito irruens pneclarum bellicce virtutis specimen dedit, in 
pugna ad Cowpene, 17 Jan. 1781." (In commemoration of his 
brilliant feat of arms at the battle of Covvpens, Jan. 17th, 1781, 
when he boldly dashed into the warring ranks of the enemy, 
and scattered their armed hosts.) 

A medal was struck at Philadelphia in honor of Gen. Gates. 
On the face is a likeness of the General, with the inscription, 
"Horatio Gates, duel strenuo ;" — (To our brave commander, 
Horat. Gates) — the reverse contains a representation of the 
surrender, &c. 

American Medals struck by order of Congress, arranged in the 
order of date^ 

NAVY . 

Isaac Hull, July, 1812. 
Jacob Jones, October 18, 1812. 
Stephen Decatur, October 25, 1812. 
William Bainbridge, December 29, 1812. 
Thomas Macdonough, September 11, 1814. 
James Biddle, March 23, 1815, 



Isaac Shelby, October 5, 1813. 
William H. Harrison, July 5, 1813. 
Jacob Brown, July 5 and July 25, 1814. 
James Miller, July 5, 1814. 
Winfield Scott, July 5 and July 25, 1S14. 
Peter B. Porter, July 6. 1814. 
Edmund P. Gaines, August 15, 1814. ^ 
Alexander Macomb, September 11, 1814. 
Andrew Jackson, January S, 1815. 



SCULPTURE SUBJECTS. 33 

Among the miscellaneous works on the fine arts here, is the 
splendid work of Audubon on the Birds of America; the vol- 
umes have all been received, containing about two hundred en- 
gravings, highly colored, the full size of the birds. Also, his 
work on the animals of America. 

Over the mantel piece, at the South end of the room, is a 
fine portrait of Columbus, presented by George G. Barrell, 
Consul of the United States at Malaga, Spain, which he ob- 
tained from Seville, and believed to have been painted by the 
same hand which painted the celebrated likeness of that great 
man, now in the palace of the Escurial in Spain. There is 
also a portrait of Americus Vespuccis. 

On each side of the door leading into the balcony, are two 
beautiful marble busts ; the one on the right is of Thomas 
Jefferson, by th« celebrated Cerrachi, the proud rival of Ca- 
nova.* It is a splendid work : the bust is elevated upon the 
frustrum of a fluted black marble column, based upon a circu- 
lar pedestal, which is ornamented at the top by a continued 
series of cherubs' heads, under a broad band encircling the pe- 
destal, on which is sculptured the twelve signs of the zodiac. 
The face of this bust bears some likeness to that of this great 
man, but only below the eyes ; the upper part bears no resem- 
blance to him , the artist must have had in his mind's eye the 
head of a Roman consul when he sculptured this bust. The 
writer was upon intimate terms with Mr. Jefferson ; frequently 
saw and corresponded with him ; and can barely recognize a 
likeness when a separation is made of the upper part of the 
face from the lower. The hand of a master is, however, dis- 
coverable on this bust, which, perhaps, has not its superior in 
the United States. The pedestal, which was presented to Mr. 
Jefferson, contains the following inscription : 

" Summo rerum moderatori cui tandem 
Libertas America. Septentrionalis surcefuit ; 
Cui in posterum curce erit nomen T homes Iefferson."} 
(To the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, under whose watch- 
ful care the liberties of N. America were finally achieved, and 
under whose tutelage the name of Thos. Jefferson will descend 
forever blessed, to posterity.) 

Opposite to the bust of Jefferson is that of the generous and 
brave Lafayette, also in marble, of colossal and bold propor- 
tions, presenting simply the head of this noble friend to liberty; 
it is designed for an elevated position, which it does not now 
hold. The likeness is admirable, and highly creditable to the 

* This unfortunate artist afterwards joined the French revo- 
lution, and was guillotined for attempting the life of Nichord. 

t During the whole time that this bust was in the possession 
of Mr. Jefferson, this inscription was not to be seen ; even his 
own family did not know of its existence. Mr. J. had no per-, 
sonal ambition, his was to serve his country. 



34 COMMITTEE ROOMS. 

artist, P. J. David, of Angers, 1828. /On one side of the base 
block is inscribed an extract from Lafayette's speech in the 
House of Representatives, December 10, 1824, in the following 
words: "What better pledge can be given of a persevering ra- 
tional love of liberty, when those blessings are evidently the 
result of a virtuous resistance of oppression, and institution 
founded on the rights of man, and the republican principles of 
self-government." On the other side are inscribed Lafayette's 
last words in his answer to the President's farewell speech, 
Washington, September, 1825. "God bless you, sir, and all 
who surround us. God bless the American people, each of 
their States, and the Federal Government. Accept the patri- 
otic farewell of an overflowing heart ; such will be its last 
throb when it ceases to beat." 

Over the cornice of the alcoves, upon the blocking of the 
gallery, are several plaster busts, one of General Jackson, 
another of Gen. Moultrie ; the latter is a good likeness, and is 
the work of Col. J. S. Cogdale, of South Carolina, an amateur 
artist, who has executed several meritorious works of art, 
which he has, artist like, liberally bestowed on others. The 
situation which these busts occupy is well suited for them ; and 
we could wish to see a series of busts of our most distinguished 
men, particularly of a literary and scientific character, gracing 
this part of the library. 

There is a want of connexion between the two side galle- 
ries above, which it is proposed to remedy by running a cross 
gallery at each end, supported by a screen of columns, which 
will add to the beauty of the room, at the same time that they 
will prove a convenience. 

From the platform of the portico, or rather colonnade, into 
which the library opens, the view is one of great beauty and in- 
terest. The whole Western end of the city lies before you, 
sectioned off in radii from the point you stand in by avenues. 
To the left flows the broad expanse of waters of the Potomac ; 
beyond these the Virginia shore rises into an eminence, 
crowned by a classic looking building, the seat of George W. 
P. Custis, Esq., the step-son of the illustrious Washington. — 
On the right are the City Hall, General Post Office, Patent Of- 
fice, Treasury, President's house, and other public buildings; 
and beyond, the heights bordering the city, upon which seve- 
ral large buildings are erected, particularly the Columbia Col- 
lege. In front is the spacious mall (yet to be improved) 
stretching away to the Potomac, where a little to the left is 
erecting the Smithsonian Insfilution building, & beyond, in the 
centre of the mall,- the site for the Washington National 
Monument. On a lofty eminence further on is seen the Na- 
tional Observatory, and near at hand the beautiful grounds of 
the Capitol, within the railing. 

Passing out of the library into the corridor, and turning 
either to the right or left, you come to a flight of stone steps 
leading to the attic or third floor of the building, which con- 
stains a number of committee rooms, and rooms for the deposits 



bird's eye view from top of dome. 35 

of paper. On this floor, each side of the steps, a wide corridor 
extends North and South; that on the North communicates 
with the following committee rooms of the House : No. 30, 
Committee on Public Lands; No. 31, Committee on Agricul- 
ture ; No. 32, Committee on Elections ; No. 34, Committee on 
Roads and Canals. The corridor South leads to the committee 
rooms, No. 28, Committee on Manufactures; No. 29, Commit- 
tee on Foreign Affairs; Nos. 26 and 27 are document rooms. 
The cross passages at the end of these corridors communicate 
With stairways which lead to the roof and to the basement sto- 
ry. The stairway at the North end i3 generally used to com- 
municate with the roof; and those fond of picturesque and pa- 
noramic scenery will be fully repaid for the labor of asr ending 
to the giddy summit of the great dome. Those more timid 
will be satisfied to view the landscape from the general level 
of the roof; which is more confined, as you can only see that 
which is immediately before you, whereas, from the galkried 
apex of the dome, you can take a bird's eye view embracing 
the whole horizon. In whatever direction here the vision is 
cast, there is something interesting to be seen. On one hand 
a rising city, with its numerous avenues, branching off in all 
directions, like radii from a centre, its splendid public buil- 
dings, and hum of active life; on the other hand, the noble 
Potomac, rolling its ample tide to the ocean, and receiving, as 
it passes the city, the tributary waters of its Eastern branch, 
the Anacosta. To the Noith stretches a range of high lands, 
with varied scenery of groves and buildings; to the East the 
native forest terminates the view, opened here and there by the 
rail and turnpike roads to Baltimore; on the South-east lies the 
Navy Yard and Marine Bai racks. City Asylum and Con- 
gressional Burying-Ground ; on the South and West, the 
Arsenal and Penitentiary; on the West, the public mall with 
its progressive improvements, the Smithsonian building, and 
the Washington National Monument ; further on the National 
Observatory lifts its revolving dome, and beyond this are seen 
the heights of Georgetown, with its cluster of buildings rising 
in bold relief. Looking down the river, Alexandria is seen, 
and beyond, in the dim distance, Mount Vernon, the spot en- 
deared to every American bosom, as enclosing the venerated 
remains of the great founder of this city. Looking down the 
Pennsylvania avenue, the President's house and Treasury close 
the view ; to the right lie the General Post Office, Patent Office 
and City Hall, all conspicuous buildings. At the foot of the Ca- 
pitol hill is seen the Tiber, winding its way from the North to 
the Potomac ; before it enters the river, art has prepared for it 
a splendid basin 150 feet wide, walled on each side to grace its 
waters. The Washington canal, completed to the Eastern 
branch, is now constituted a branch of the Tiber; so that it 
may be said to have two mouths or outlets** 

* The attention of Congress should be called to the present 
condition of the Tiber, & its outlet into the canal ; its unchecked 



36 ADVICE TO VISITERS. 

After the eye has been gratified in ranging over this wide, 
spread scene of hiil and dale, cities, towns, rivers and canals 
it may be invited to survey the objects in its immediate vicini- 
ty; the fretted roof expanded below, and the deep chasms 
formed by the several courts, which present a terrific appear- 
ance looking down them. The whole of this roof is covered 
with copper in the most substantial manner. On the North is 
seen the swell of the dome surmounting the Senate Chamber ; 
on the South, that crowning the Hall of Representatives ; be- 
sides these, are several smaller domes, lanterns and sky-lights* 
The balustraded platform on the apex of the great dome is 145 
feet above the foot pavement on the East front, and 228 feet 
above the tide. 

The access to the top of this dome is very inconvenient, and 
indeed dangerous to those who are subject to giddiness in 
clambering heights. The steps are on the outside; and those 
unaccustomed to looking down from great elevations should 
take the precaution of looking at their feet, when either ascen- 
ding or descending, which is their best security against giddi- 
ness.* 

Two flag-masts are placed, one on each side of the great 
dome, upon which, during the session, flags are hoisted when 
either or both houses are sitting ; the lowering of the flag de- 
notes the rising of either house., according to which it is 
attached. Over the centre of the dome rises another mast 
about 100 feet high, which supports a large and splendid lan- 
tern, six feet in diameter, surmounted by a cupola, to contain 
the brilliant solar light prepared by Mr. James Crutchett, who 
has successfully introduced this light into many cities. This 
light is intended to light up the public grounds around the Ca- 
pitol, besides a ring of burners round the terrace where the 
shadow of the buildings darkens. Mr. C. has also introduced 
his beautiful solar light into the interior ; all the public halls 
will be illuminated with this gas, as well as other rooms. The 

washings have already rendered this canal unfit for navigation, 
& it must soon become a nuisance, and produce an epidemic in 
the neighborhood. The Tiber should be kept within proper 
limits, after being cleaned out and deepened, and a large basin 
formed within the mall to receive its sediment, and its waters 
discharged over a dam into the canal. The government when 
it cut a new channel for this stream did make a temporary dam, 
at its intersection with the canal, which wa9 of some service, 
but it was washed away, and the canal banked up and rendered 
useless. 

* A very serious accident had nearly been experienced by a 
lady running round the sky- light of the dome ; her foot slipped 
and she fell upon the glazed sash, broke the glass, and but for 
the strength of the sash bars, would have fallen through, in 
which case she would have been precipitated to the pavement 
of the rotundo, 120 feet below ; since then an iron railing has 
been put round the sky-light. 



HISTORY OF THE CAPITOL. 37 

£xtures are very splendid, and do great credit to the taste of 
Mr. C. The great burner over the dome, which is 300 feet 
above the tide, will give a light equal to 30,000 candles; that 
in the Senate to 30,000; that in the House to 35,000, and that 
in the great rotundo to 5,000 candles. It is the calculation of 
Mr. C. that this great central light over the dome will be seen 
from the top of the "Washington Monument, at Baltimore. A 
ladder ascends to the top of the mast, and from the lantern the 
view stretches N. E. 70 miles. 

The centre of the Capitol is constituted the meridian of the 
United States; it lies in North latitude 38 deg. 52 min. 4S.3 
sec., and longitude 76 deg. 55 min. 30 sec. West of Greenwich, 
England. The base of the building is 73 feet above tide. 

Strangers visiting the Capitol, and desirous of a guide, will 
find this in the attentions of Mr. Dunnington and Mr. Scrive- 
ner, who are charged with the oversight of the building, and 
who are constantly to be found at their post during the hours 
when the doors of the buildings are open, namely, from six to 
six in summer, and from sunrise to sunset in winter. Messrs. 
D. and S. take great pleasure in communicating information. 
As these officers receive a salary from the Government, visiters 
are not subject to any contributions in gratifying their curiosity 
or examining the building, with either of them.* 

HISTORY OF THE CAPITOL. 

It may be interesting to all to be acquainted with the history 
of the Capitol from its first projection, and its cost up to the 
present time. 

The original design of the Capitol was presented by Doctor 
William Thornton, (afterwards superintendent of the Patent 
Office,) a gentleman amateur of considerable taste ; a man of 

fenius and of public spirit. The general plan, approved by 
'resident Washington in 1792, was submitted to S. Hallet,Esq., 
an English architect, appointed to carry the building into exe- 
cution, who modified it in some of its parts. The North wing 
was first erected ; the corner stone was laid by General Wash- 
ington on the 18th September, 1793. Mr. Hallett was suc- 
ceeded by G. Hadneld, Esq., an architect of fine taste, and a 
beautiful draughtsman ; but, before the North wing was com- 
pleted, Mr. Hadfield«resigned, and James Hoban, Esq., archi- 
tect of the President's house, was appointed to carry on the 
work, who finished the North wing. In 1803 Mr. Jefferson 
appointed B. H. Latrobe, Esq., architect of the Capitol, a man 

* Police of the Capitol. — Three persons are constantly on 
duty, by day, to protect the buildings, enclosures, trees and 
shrubs; to keep order, and report to the Commissioner every 
violation of the rules and regulations ; to keep away vagrants, 
disorderly persons and boys ; to conduct visiters through the 
buildings, and to keep in order the rotundo, passages, porticos, 
steps, &c. The police officers of the Capitol will be given 
liereafter. 



38 POLICE OF THE CAPITOL. 



of fine talents and of superior genius, who designed the Infe- 
rior, and directed the execution of the South wing, and in 
eight years prepared the halls for the reception of Congress. 

The plan of the first House of Representatives was of an el- 
liptical form, or rather a square hounded by two semi-circles, 
and surmounted by a dome, corresponding with the idea of Mr. 
Jefferson. This dome had numerous panel lights, and was 
supported by a freestone colonnade. It was a very handsome 
as well as a good speaking room. Nothing further was done 
during the embargo, non-intercourse and war; and, in this 
time, the interior of both wings was destroyed, by an incursion 
of the enemy. 

A building was ruised immediately after by the patriotic cit- 
izens of Washington, opposite the torth-east corner of the 
Capitol square, for the temporary accommodation of Congress, 
where the two houses assembled for several sessions. In 1815 
the Government determined to restore the Capitol. The work 
was commenced by Mr. Latrobe, who continued to superintend 
its execution until December, 1817, when he resigned his 
charge.* Mr. Monroe, who was then President, appointed C. 
Bulfmch, Esq., to direct the work ; who carried out the plans 
of Mr. Latrobe to a certain extent, and erected the centre buil- 
ding. Under this gentleman the present structure was comple- 
ted, with its terraces, gateways, lodges, &c, all in the course 
of ten years. 
The cost of the Capitol, prior to the burning in 

August, 1814, was - - - #788,071 28 

Cost from 1814 to 1830, including graduating, im- 
proving and enclosing square, - - 1,808,428 93 
Expended since, in alterations and improvements 
in the Hall of Representatives, water works, 
improving the grounds, re- coppering the dome, 
&c., 93,959 00 

Making the total cost of the Capitol and grounds, $2,690,459 21 

COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 

Room No. 41 : — capitol — basement. 
Charles Douglass^ Commissioner. 
police. James Maher, Public Gardener. 

C. W. C. Dunnington, William Dant, Messenger. 
Thomas Scrivener, Pat. Hefferman, > Lamp 

John West, Conrad Caufman, 3 Lighters. 

Henry Gaither, James Wilson, Gate-Keeper. 

Owen Connelly, Dan'l Graham, Laborer. 

* The resignation of this gentleman was most unfortunate 
for the unity of design of the building, as innovations upon 
the original plan were soon after made, which resulted unfavor- 
ably to the symmetry of the whole; errors have been commit- 
ted, which cannot be now corrected but at great expense. 



DUTIES OP THE COMMISSIONER. 39 

Duties. — 1. To take charge of the public building3 and pub- 
lic grounds in the city of Washington. 

2. To make estimates of the cost of public buildings and 
other public works, and to contract for the same. 

3. To appoint agents, and fix their compensation. 

4. To determine the number of workmen to be employed, 
and their pay. 

5. To provide all materials, and to make ail payments on ac- 
count of the same. 

6. To keep regular entries of his disbursements of moneys, 
(amounting sometimes to many thousand dollars per annum.) 

7. To keep each appropriation separate and distinct. 

8. To procure vouchers (at his own risk) that will pass the 
Treasury. 

9. To see that the plan and regulations of the city are ob- 
served. 

10. To ascertain the number and value of the public lots. 

11. To make sale of public lots, and execute deeds of con- 
veyance to the purchasers, when required to do so by law, and 
to account for the proceeds. 

12. To select and value the donation lots. 

13. To make, under circumstances prescribed by law, 
streets through and footings in front of the public grounds. 

14. To have the care and management of the public grounds. 

15. To cause repairs to be made to the public buildings. 

16. To attend to suits depending between the United States 
and individuals, in relation to the right of property. 

17. To attend, at his office, to the calls of all persons on 
matters of business. 

18. To furnish reports, papers and evidences from the re- 
cords of his office, when called for by members of Congress 
and others. 

19. To attend to the enclosing and improving of the public 
grounds. 

20. To enforce the rules and regulations "prescribed by the 
joint orders of the presiding officers of the two houses of Con- 
gress, for the care, preservation, orderly keeping and police of 
the Capitol, and its appurtenances. 

21. To enforce the rules and regulations prescribed by the 
President of the United States, for the care, preservation, or- 
derly keeping and police of the other public buildings and pub- 
lic property in the city of Washington. 

22. And to make annually to Congress, at the commence- 
ment of the session, a report of the manner in which all the 
appropriations for the public buildings and grounds have been 



40 DUTIES OF THE COMMISSIONER, 

applied ; of the number of the public lots sold or remaining tra- 
sold each year; of the condition of the public buildings and- 
public grounds ; and of the measures necessary to be taken for 
the preservation and care of the public property. 



Rules and regulations addressed to the Commissioner of Public 
Buildings, established by order of the two Houses of Congress, 
May 16, 1828. 

1. For the preservation, orderly keeping and police of aUT 
such portions of the Capitol, its appurtenances, and the enclo- 
sures about it, and the public buildings and property in its im- 
mediate vicinity, as are not in the exclusive use and occupation 
of either house of Congress, you are authorized to employ four 
assistants, and to allow one of them one dollar and twenty-five 
cents per day, and the others one dollar per day, each, for their 
services. [This regulation has been since changed, both Ik 
the number of assistants and their compensation.} 

2. You will strictly enforce, within the limits above pre- 
scribed, the regulations of the city of Washington for the pre- 
servation of the public peace and order, especially in relation 
to hackney coaches and drivers, vagrants, beggars, drunkards^ 
disorderly persons and persons of ill fame. 

3. You will not permit refreshments to be sold in any part 
of the building or its appendages, except in the rooms on the 
ground floor appropriated to that purpose ; the rooms to be 
opened on days when Congress are sitting only, and closed on 
each day as soon after the adjournment of both houses a& 
may be practicable ; bills of rates are to be made out by the 
restorateurs, and, after being approved by you, to be printed 
and kept pasted up in each room. 

4. You will not permit children to frequent the Capitol or 
square, unless in charge of some discreet person, and people 
of color, except on necessary business. 

5. During the recess of Congress, all the gates leading to 
the square are to be closed at dark and opened at sunrise. 

6. You will assign a stand for the hacks, not in front of the 
building, and confine them to it while waiting within the Caps? 
tol square. 

J. C. CALHOUN, Vise President 

A. STEVENSON, Speaker H. Jk 




17 * Street 



NATIONAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES. 

EXECUTIVE. 

President of the United States — James K. Polk. 



Vice President of the United States— George M. Dallas. 



STATE DEPARTMENT. 

This department occupies the building adjoining the Trea- 
sury, on the north side. The principal entrance is from the 
north, hut the business entrance is on Fifteenth street. The 
building is of brick, two stories high, containing thirty-two 
apartments, besides those in the attic. 

The first floor is occupied by the following officers : — 

The Fifth Auditor of the Treasury, at the east end ; and the 
Second Comptroller, at the west end. 

On the second floor are the apartments of the Secretary of 
State and his suite. Here also is the Library of the Depart- 
ment, containing many valuable works on general literature 
and science, besides state papers ; the original Declaration of 
Independence, and all the Treaties with Foreign Powers, with 
the presents made by them, are now deposited in the Patent 
Office, a bureau of that department. 

JAMES BUCHANAN, SECRETARY OF STATE. 

Duties of the Secretary. 

The Secretary is ex officio a member of the President's Cab- 
inet. He conducts the negotiation of all treaties between the 
United States and foreign powers ; and corresponds officially 
with the public ministers of foreign powers resident in the 
United States, and with our ministers and consuls abroad. — 
He performs, also, the same duties of what, in other gov- 
ernments, is called the Home Department. He has the 
charge of the seal of the United States, but cannot affix it 
to any commission until signed by the President, nor to any 
other instrument or act without the special authority of the 
President. He is, by law, entrusted with the publication and 
distribution of all the acts and resolutions of Congress, and all 
$reatiea with foreign nations, and Indian treaties. He pre- 

4* 



42 



STATE DEPARTMENT. 



serves, also, the originals of all laws and treaties, and of puBHe 
correspondence growing out of the intercourse between the 
United States and foreign nations, and is required to procure 
and preserve copies of the statistics of the States. He grants 
passports to American citizens visiting foreign nations; pre- 
serves the evidence of copy rights, and has control of the office 
which issues patents for useful inventions. He holds his office 
at the will of the President. 

officers. 
No. 1. William S. Derrick, Chief Clerk Acting. 

DIPLOMATIC BUREAU". HOME BUREAU. 



Room. 

No. 



14 A. H. Derrick, 
2 Wm. Hunter, Jr. 

13 F. Markce, Jr. 
5 W. C. Zantzinger, 



Room. 
No. 



10 E. W. Hutter, 
10 L. Washington, 
7 W. C. Reddall, 
(Vacant.) 



CONSULAR BUREAU. 

8 R. S. Chew, 
7 S. L. Governeur. 



translator. 



9 R. Greenough. 



DISBURSING AGENT AND 
sup't OF BUILDING. 

6 E. Stubbs. 



LIBRARIAN AND COM R CLERK. 
11 G. Hill. 



MISCELLANIES. 

2 W. P. Faherty, 

2 S. Sohl, 

2 J. E. Norris. 



MESSENGERS. 

G. Bartle, 
I. S. Moe. 



WATCHMEN. 

17 A. S. Locke, 
17 M. P. Stubbs, 
17 S. S. Moe. 



DESPATCH AGENTS. 

F. Wood, 

N. D. Hubbard. 



SECOND COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY. 

First Floor of the West end of the State Department Building. 

No. 27. Albion K. Paris, Second Comptoller. — Duties of 
Second Comptroller. 

The Second Comptroller is independent of the First. His 
office was established to effect a prompt settlement of the pub- 
lic accounts, which, from the constantly increasing expendi- 
tures of the Government,, had accumulated, and which, with 
other duties, was found to exceed the ability of one ComptEoi- 



STATE DEPARTMENT. 43 



ler. The Second Comptroller, therefore, would be more cor- 
rectly styled the Comptroller of the accounts of the Army,. 
Navy, and Indian disbursements. It may be here remarked, 
that the duties of advancing money and accounting for it, are 
distinct. The Secretaries of the Departments exercise a dis- 
cretion, in advancing from the appropriations the requisite sums 
to the disbursing officers; but it is made the duty of the ac- 
counting officers of the Treasury, independent of the Secreta- 
ries, to require accounts and vouchers, showing the legal ap- 
plications of the money. In this division of duties is perceiv- 
ed a salutary check. The hands of the Executive are left un- 
restrained in advancing to the agents the necessary funds to 
accomplish the purposes of the Government ; but those agents 
have to account to officers of the Treasury, leaving the Execu- 
tive no power to misapply the funds advanced. It is the duty 
of the Second Comptroller to revise and certify the accounts 
stated in the offices of the Second, Third, and Fourth Auditors, 
and his decision is final, except redress is granted by Congress. 
In the office of the Second Comptroller, a record is kept of 
the accounts settled, showing the balances due to, and from, 
the United States : a record is kept of all the requisitions for 
money drawn by the Secretaries of the War and Navy Depart- 
ments ; and on its files are placed all the contracts involving 
the payment of money, entered into by those Departments. It 
is also the duty of the Comptroller to direct suits and stopages 
on account of delinquencies ; to keep an account with each spe- 
cific appropriation, and to make annual and other statements oi 
the disbursements, as required by law. He also furnishes the 
forms for the accounts and vouchers, and of keeping and sta- 
ting the accounts subject to his revision. 



No. 5. John M. Brodhead, Chief Clerk. 
Room. Room. 

No. 3 G. D. Abbot, No. 9 W. H. Evans, 

9 T. J. Cathcart, 9 W. Flinn, 

5 M.Campbell, 9 J. Manahan, 

3 A. T. Clark, 3 T. Purrington, 

3 J. M. Cutts, 9 A. Shucking., 

5 G. C. Jackson, Messenger. 



FIFTH AUDITOR. 

FIRST FLOOR — EAST END. 

No. 15. Stephen Pleasonton, Auditor. — Duties of th$ 
Fifth Auditor, 

The Fifth Auditor receives all accounts accruing in, or re- 
lating to, the Department of State, the General Post Office, and 



44 THEASURY DEPARTMENT. 

those arising out of Indian trade ; examines them, certifies the 
balances, and transmits the accounts, with the vouchers and 
certificates, to the First Comptroller, for his decision upon 
them. To the Fifth Auditor has also been assigned the duties 
heretofore performed by the Commissioner of the Revenue, in 
superintending the building and repairing light houses and light 
vessels, beacons, buoys and piers, supplying the light houses 
with oil, and the adjustment of the expenditures of the light 
house establishments. 

OFFICERS. 

No. 14. Thomas Mustin, Chief Clerk. 
■Room. Room. 

No. 13 A. Campbell, No. 12 J. D. King, 

13 G. G. Cox, 16 R. Ricketts, 

12 J. Develin, 13 A. Spear, 

16 J. H. Huston, 12 A. Steele. 

16 Edward Holland, Messenger. 



TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 

The building occupied by this department is situated on the 
east side of the President's square, on a line with Fifteenth 
street; it is built of stone, and fire-proof; extending three hun- 
dred and thirty-six feet, with a depth in the centre, including 
the colonnade in front and portico in the rear, of one hundred 
and ninety feet. Each floor contains forty-five apartments, or, 
in the three stories above the basement, one hundred and thir- 
ty-five rooms.* 

The main entrance is on the east, by a double flight of steps. 
The first, or colonnade floor, is occupied as follows : — 

The Treasurer of the United States and the Third Auditor 
of the Treasury in the centre of the building; 

The First Auditor in the north wing; 

The Attorney General and Solicitor of the Treasury in the 
south wing. 

On the second floor, in the centre building, are the apart- 
ments of the Secretary of the Treasury and his suite. 

In the south wing are those of the First Comptroller and the 
Register of the Treasury, who occupies also a suite of rooms 
in the north wing, besides several on the first floor, south side. 

The Library of the Treasury is also on the second floor, 
containing most of the public documents, and a few valuable 
miscellaneous works. The third floor is occupied entirely by 
the General Land Office, with its numerous interesting records. 

* This building, when completed by the extension of the 
wings, will have a fagade of near 500 feet with its porticos. — 
The present crowded state of the public business here, de- 
mands that the wings should be erected without delay. 



South Wing, 




r 



^- j- j- j- j- j . 



• 



JSTtvtfi Wing 



Tprtice 






TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 45 



Several of the rooms in the basement story are occupied as of- 
fices. 

ROBERT J. WALKER, SECRETARY OF THE TREA- 
SURY.— Room 24. 

Duties of the Secretary of the Treasury. 

The Secretary is exofficio a member of the Cabinet. He 
superintends all the fiscal concerns of the Government, and, 
upon his own responsibility, recommends to Congress measures 
for improving the condition of the revenue. He holds his of- 
fice at the will of the President. By act of Congress, this De- 
partment has been invested with extraordinary powers, for the 
recovery of public monies not accounted, or withheld by offi- 
cers receiving them, prior to such monies being paid into the 
Treasury. Warrants of distress, in the nature of executions 
upon judgments, are authorized, upon certificates of balances 
from the First Comptroller, against principals and sureties in 
default ; and the Judges of the United States are, by the same 
law, clothed with extensive chancery jurisdiction, with a view 
of ameliorating any undue severity to individuals, which may 
possibly occur under the warrant's requisition. By the act of 
20th May, 1830, the office of Solicitor of the Treasury, was 
created. A portion of the duties of this office had been previ- 
ously performed by the Fifth Auditor, as agent of the Trea- 
sury. 

AH accounts of the Government are finally settled at the 
Treasury Department; for which purpose it is divided into the 
office of the Secretary (who superintends the whole, but who 
is not, therefore, absolute with respect to the power of adjust- 
ing claims or paying money) into two Comptrollers, six Audi- 
tors, a Register, a Treasuier, and a Solicitor. The Auditors 
of the public accounts are empowered to administer oaths or 
affirmations to witnesses, in any case in which they may deem it 
necessary, for the due examination of the accounts with which 
they are charged. 



THE 



OFFICERS.- 


-SECOND FLOOR. 


No. 20. McClintock Young, Chief Clerk. 


CLERKS, 


SUPERINTENDENT OF 






BUILDING. 


oom. 


Room 




No. 21 J. N. Barker, 






27 S. M. McKean, 


No 


00 J. P. Pepper. 


31 C. Dummer, 






25 C. Abert, 




WATCHMEN. 


28 G. Rodman, 






29 J. N. Lovejoy, Jr. 




36 E. Ourand, 


20 J. McGinniss, 




00 W. C. Goddard 


28 J. F. Heartley, 




36 P. Hines, 


36 C. N. Ingersoll, 




00 J. W. Marlow, 


19 C.Fisher, 




00 W. Clarke, 



46 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, 



19 W. Gulager, watchmen: 

20 S. Green, 00 J. P. Helton, 

21 W. P. Matthews, 00 C. W. Pettit, 
20 G. Harrington. 00 J. W. Smith. 

24 C. Pettit, ) ., 

18 J. W. Shields, \ Messengers, 

W. Jones, Laborer. 



FIRST COMPTROLLER OF THE TREASURY. 

No. 37. James McCulloh, First Comptroller.— Duties of 
First Comptroller. 

The First Comptroller examines all accounts settled by the 
First and Fifth Auditors, and the Commissioner of the General 
Land Office. He has appellate jurisdiction only in the settle- 
ment of the Sixth Auditor's accounts, and certifies the balances 
arising thereon to the Register; countersigns all accounts drawn 
by the Secretary of the Treasury, if warranted by law ; reports 
to the Secretary the official forms to be used in the different offU 
ces for collecting the public revenue ; and the manner and form 
of keeping and stating the accounts of the several persons em- 
ployed therein. He superintends the preservation of the pub- 
lic accounts, subject to his revision, and provides for the regu- 
lar payment of all monies which may be collected. 

In this brief view given of the powers of the Comptrollers of 
the Treasury, it may be sufficient to remark that, within the 
sphere of their respective duties they are the ultimate law offi- 
cers of the Government. 

OFFICERS. — SECOND FLOOR. 

No, 36, James Larned, Chief Clerk, 

CLERKS. 

Room. Room. 

No. 35 N. B. Van Zandt, No. 32 J. R. McCorkle, 

14 W. Anderson, 3 W. Miller, 

34 T. Feran, 16 H. Langtry, 
33 J. B. North, 35 W. N. Barker, 

15 W. H. Wright, 36 J. Y. Laub, 
14 R. Cochran, 32 B. T. Rogers, 
31 W. J. McCulloh, 14 G. Johnson, 

35 L. L. Taylor, 16 J. Q. Washington, 
35 T. T. Anderson, 16 J. Furguison. 

15 O, S. X. Peck, Messenger. 

36 P. Hines, Assistant Messenger. 



FIRST AUDITOR. 
No. 7. W. Collixs, First Auditor.— Duties of First Auditor. 
The First Auditor receives all accounts accruing in the Trea- 



TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 47 

sury Department, and in relation to the revenue and the civil 
list, and after examinalion, certifies the balance, and transmits 
the accounts, with the vouchers and certilicates, to the First 
Comptroller, (or his decision thereon. 





OFFICERS.— 


-FIRST FLOOR. 




No. 6. George 


H. 


Jones, Chief Clerk. 






CLERKS. 


Room 






Room 


No. 


5 J. W. Bronaugh, 




No. 15 D. W. Mahon, 




15 J. Bowman, 




4 A. Mahon, 




4 J. Colgate, 




15 E. T. Montague^ 




7 F. Doyle, 




14 T. L. Ragsdale, 




5 R. Geddes, 




7 J. M. Ramsey, 




3 J. W. Gibbons, 




3S J. S. Reed, 




9 J. S. Lewis, 




14 J. 1M. Torbert. 




15M.H. Miller, 








3 James W 


G 


arner, Messenger. 




TREASURER. 



No. 25. Wm. Selden, Treasurer. — Duties of the Treasurer,, 

The Treasurer receives and keeps the monies of the United 
States, and disburses the same upon warrants drawn by the Sec- 
retary of the Treasury, countersigned by the proper Comptrol- 
ler and Auditor, and recorded by the Register. 

OFFICERS. — FIRST FLOOR. 

No. 27. William B. Randolph, Chief Clerk. 

CLERICS. 

Room. Room. 

No. 25 S. M. Bootes, No. 35 H. Lightner, 

26 H. Brooks, 24 B. T. Mackalh 

25 C. W. Handy, 36 W. S. Morgan, 

27 J. G. Hedgman, 20 A. McLean, 
20 J. A. HunnecufF, 19 W. D. Nutt, 

26 H. Jackson, 26 A. Smith. 
20 R. Latham, 

19 James Moore, Messenger. 



REGISTER OF THE TREASURY. 

No. 38. Dan'l Graham, Register.— Duties of the Register, 

The Register of the Treasury keeps all accounts of the re- 
ceipts and expenditures of the public money, and of all debts 
due to, cr from, the United States ; he keeps the District Ton- 



48 



TREASURY DEPARTMENT, 



nage accounts of the United States; he receives from thg 
Comptroller the accounts which have been finally adjusted; 
and with their vouchers and certificates preserves them ; he 
records all warrants for the receipt or payment of moneys at trie 
Treasury, certifies the same thereon, and transmits to the Sec- 
retary of the Treasury copies of the certificates of balances of 
accounts adjusted. 

It is made the duty of the Register to prepare statistical ac- 
counts of the commerce and navigation of the United States, to 
foe laid before Congress annually. 

OFFICERS.— SECOND FLOOR. 

No. 39. Michael Nourse, Chief Clerk. 







CLERKS. 




Room, 




Room. 




No. 


9 J. Ayre, 


No, 


12 S. Y. At Lee, 




40 J. D. Barclay, 




33 J. Laurie, 




5 J. B. Blake, 




9 P. Lammond, 




4 J. G. Berret, 




12 J. McClery, 




6 G. W. Barry, 




38 H. K. Laughlin, 




9 H. Brumer, 




42 C. March, 




5 W. B. Berryman 


<■> 


4 J. Nourse, 




9 C. Fink, 




7 E Patterson, 




9 J. Estill, 




4T.W. Ritter 3 


1 


9 A. L. Hazelton, 




39 S. Smith, 


39 J. C. Haviland, 




8 A. P. Sutton, 




24 H. Jenison, 




4 T. R. Wise. 




4 T. Lowne.s, 








Thomas Goddard, Messenger, 




P. Limmond, 


Assistant 


Messenger. 



SOLICITOR OF THE TREASURY. 

'R. H. Gillet, Solicitor. — Duties of the Solicitor of the 
Treasury. 

He superintends all the civil suits commenced in the name 
of the United States in all the Courts, until they are carried up 
to the Supreme Court of the United States, when they come 
under the superintendence of the Attorney General. He in- 
structs the District Attorneys, Marshalls, and Clerks, in all 
matters and proceedings appertaining to those suits, and re- 
ceives from them, after each term of Court, reports of their sit- 
uation and progress. He records, from collectors, reports of 
custom-house bonds put in suit, and of information, &c, direct- 
ed by them. He establishes, with the approbation of the Sec- 
retary of the Treasury, such rules and regulalions, not incon- 
sistent with law, for the observance of Collectors, District At- 
torneys, and Marshals, as may be deemed necessary for the 
just responsibility of those officers, and the prompt collection 



TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 49 

of all revenues and debts due and accruing to the United 
States. 

This officer ha3 charge also of all lands and other property 
which have been or shall be assigned, set off, or conveyed to 
the United States in payment of debts and all trusts created for 
the use of the U. States, in payment of debts due them ; and has 
power to sell and dispose of lands assigned or set off to the 
United States, in payment of debts, or being vested in them 
by mortgage or other'security for the payment of debts. 

OFFICERS. 

No. 21. Benjamin T. Pleasant?, Chief Clerk, 
39. Perry E. Brocchus, Law Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

Room. Room. 

No. 42 G. H. Barton, No. 40 B. C. Ridgate, 

37 VV. Clare, 40 B. Waring, 

37 J. W. Compton, 40 J. H. Waring, 

40 J. Angney, Messenger. 



GENERAL LAND OFFICE, 

THIRD FLOOR. 

;Ko.24. Richard M. Young, Commissioner. — Duties oj the 

Commissioner. 

Prior to April, 1812, grants of land were issued by letters 
patent from the Department of State. By an act of that date, 
a geueral land office was established in which all patents for 
lands are now made out and recorded. By that act the Presi- 
dent was required to sign all land patents, but under a law of 
March, 1833, a secretary has been appointed to sign them for 
him. By the act of 4th Jul>, 1836, the General Land Office 
was reorganized and enlarged. It is now the depository of all 
maps of surveys of the public lands and private land claims, 
and from it emanate all titles to tracts by purchases, donations, 
and otherwise, in the national domain. The Commissioner is 
the chief officer, but the office is connected with the Treasury 
Department, over which the Secretary of the Treasury pre- 
sides. 

By the act of April, 1820, all sales of public lands made af- 
-ter July of that year, are made for cash, and complete payment 
must be made on the day of purchase. The minimum price 
is fixed at $1.25 per acre, below which they cannot be dispos- 
ed of. 

OFFICERS. 

No. 38 Samuel H. Laughlin, Recorder, 

42 J. Robb, pro. tern. Prin. Cl'k Pub. Lands, Acting, 
27 Jas. S. Wilson, Principal Cl'k Priv. Land Claims^ 

5 



50 



TREASURY DEPARTMENT. 



22 John Wilson, Principal Clerk of Surveys 
26 William T. Steiger, Principal Draughtsman, 
26 Ephraim Gilinan, Assistant Draughtsman. 
clerks. 



Room. 
No. 35 J. N. Ashton, 
19 J. Y. Bryant, 

19 J. H. Blake, 

22 W. V. H Brown. 

4 J. L. Barnhill, 
40 W. T. Brooke, 
32 O. H. Bestor, 

26 A. Bieklacke, 
37 E. A. Cabell, 

11 M. L. Covell, 

20 J. P. Causin, Jr. 
8 W. W. Curran, 

7 J.L.Cathcart, 
36 W. Clyde, 

5 J. S. Cunningham, 
15 J. W. Cummins, 
22 J. W. De Kraft, 

12 W. H. Diets, 
35 W. Darby, 

40 A. J. Dinnies, 

27 B. Evans, 

28 C. I. Frailey, 
19 H. B. Foster, 

5 J. P. Frazer, 
15 A. Greenleaf, 
15 W. Garrett, 

G. W. Guthrie, 
32 J. Houd, 



Room. 
No. 36 H. Hungerford y 
15 G. C. Hanson, 

21 M. Kelly, 
15 D. W. Kent, 

38 S. H. Laughlin, 
11 L.D. Mathews, 
20 R. J Morsell, 
33 W. H. Minnix, 
40 T. W. McCalla, 

39 J. A.McClure, 
33 W. Nourse, 

29 J. Pennybacker, 

22 A. T. Patrick, 
5N..A. Randall, 

7 B. T. Reiley, 
42 J. Robb, 

8 W. O. Slade, 
39 P. H. Sweet, 

28 A. G. Seaman, 
4T. A. Tscheffelyv 

29 G. C. Whiting," 
29 A. S. H. White, 
14 J. IT. Waggaman,. 
20 J. P. Wingerd, 

36 M. Willet, 
28 P Wilson, 
14 W. T. Wallace; 
18 C. Young. 



Grafton Powell, > ._ 

John M. McMahon, ] Messengers. 

Isaac Goddard, > A . . , ., 

Samuel Walker, \ Assistant Mess « n S<^ . 

Thomas H. Quincy, ) „ , 

Abraham Hines, ^'j Packers. 



ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE. 
Nathan Clifford, Attorney General. 
His duty is to prosecute and conduct all suits in the Supreme 
Court, in which the United States is concerned, and to give hi* 
advice and opinion upon questions ol law, when required by 
the President, or when requested by the heids of any of the 
departments. The Attorney General is ex-officio a member 
of the Cabinet, and holds his office at the will of the Presi- 
dent. 

J. T. Reid, Clerk, H. A. Klopfer, Messsnger. 



WAR DEPARTMENT. 51 

WAR DEPARTMENT. 

This department occupies the building situated on the west 
fide of the President's square, Seventeenth street, on the same 
line with the State Department building, with which it corres- 
ponds in design, being two stories high, and containing thirty- 
iwo rooms, besides those in the basement and attic floors. 

The principal entrance is on the north, though access may 
he had from every front. 

The following officers are on the first fleor : — 

The Major General, the Quartermaster General, Adjutant 
General, and Second Audi or of the Treasury. 

On the second floor are the apartments of the Secretary of 
War and his suite, occupying the east end ; and the Commis- 
sioner of Indian Affairs and his clerks the east end • the Galle- 
ry of Indian portraits has been removed to the Patent Oflice. 

The Library of the department is on this floor, and contains 
many valuable works of science and art 

On the third and basement floors a few rooms are appropri- 
ated for clerks. 

WM. L. M ARC Y, SECRETARY OF WAR.— Room 21.* 

Duties of the Secretary. 

The duties of this officer are, to superintend every branch 
of the military department. He is by usage a member of the 
Cabinet, and holds Wis office at the will of the President. The 
following Bureaus are attached to this department: — A Requi- 
sition Bureau, a Bounty Land Bureau, a Pension Oflice, an 
Oflice of Indian Affairs, and an Engineers' Office ; a Topo- 
graphical Office, an Ordnance Office, and an Office for the 
Commissary General of Subsistence ; an Office for the Cloth- 
ing Depattment, a Paymaster General's Office, and a Com- 
manding General's Office— all located in Washington. 

To this department belongs the direction and government of 
the army, in all its diversified relations; the purchase and pre- 
servation of the arms and munitions of war; the erection of 
all fortifications; the execution of all topographical surveys ; 
the payment of pensions for military service ; the surveying 
and leasing the national lead mines; aRd the direction (under 
the laws) of intercourse with the Indian tribes. 

No. 23 Lieut. Col. S. Cooper, Ass't Adj't General, 
No. 12 Archibald Campbell, Chief Clerk, 
No. 24 Samuel Humes Porter. 

CLERKS. 

Room, Room. 

No. 17 Nathan Rice, No. 22 Charles Calvert, 

22 Sewall Brintnale, 17 John Potts, 

* The numbers following refer to those on the doors in this 
ihailding. 



$2 WAR DEPARTMENT. 

W John D. McPherson, 24 John D. Wolf, 

Thomas Wanace^ Messengers . 

John Robinson, "] 

David Kurtz, I tow^.*.«»,*« 

William Walker, f Watchmen. 

M-iddleton Posey, J 



INDIAN BUREAU. 
No. 28. William Medill, Commissioner.— His Duties. 

He has the management of all Indian affairs, and of all mat- 
ters arising out of Indian relations under the direction of the 
War Department. All accounts and vouchers for claims and 
disbursements connected with Indian affairs must be transmit- 
ted to the Commissioner for administrative examination, and 
by him be passed to the Second Auditor of the Treasury for 
settlement. 

No. 30. John S. Cochran, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

Room. Room. 

No. 31 Charles E. Mix, No. 32 Hezekiah Miller, 

29 Samuel J. Potts, 32 William Devereux, 

29 William B. Waugh, 32 T. R. Crittenden, 

31 G. R. Herrick, 27 J. C. Mullay, 

27 N. Quackenbush, 25 John A. English, 
25 S. D. Leib. 



Charles Drane, ") Mp3 , pn! , eM 
H. Bettinger, $ Messengers. 



PENSION BUREAU. 

The buildings occupied by this bureau adjoin, on the north, 
tnat occupied by the Topographical, Ordnance, and Subsist- 
ence Bureaus. 

The Commissioner and his suite occupy the three floors of 
both tenements in this block, except two rooms on the first 
floor of the south tenement. The officers located here are as 
follow : — 

J. L. Er wards, Commissioner. — His Duties. 

Under acts of Congress he grants allowances to officers and 
soldiers of the revolutionary army, and in relation to Virginia 
claims for revolutionary services and deficiency of commuta- 
tions. He executes, under the direction of the Secretary of 
War, such duties in relation to the various pension laws as may 
be prescribed by the President of the United States. 
G. W. Crump, Chief Clerk. 



WAR DEPARTMENT. 53 



CLERKS. 

W. Gordon, John R Hubbard, 

G. C. Ames, D.H.Wood, 

J. D. Wilson, G. D. Kean, 

S. Godwin, S. Cole, 

F. S. Evans, E. W. Robinson, 

W. O. Niles, T. Lumpkin, 

Charles Hibbs, > «f oeto „„ orD 

J. L. Andersoa, \ Messengers. 

QUARTERMASTER GENERAL'S BUREAU. 
No. 15. Gen. T. S. Jessuf, Quartebmaster General. 
He is, under the direction of (he Secretary of War, charged 
with the military and administrative details of his department. 
He has a complete administrative control of all the officers be- 
longing to his department, as well as of those appointed to act 
therein, or make disbursements on account thereof. Officers 
of regimen's and corps are also subject to a like control, by the 
Quartermaster General, in regard to every thing relating to 
barracks and quarters, and to the accountabilities for supplies 
of his department, as well as for those of the purchasing de- 
partment, are to insure an efficient system of supply, and to 
give facility and effect to the movements and operations of the 
army. 

No. 15 Charles Thomas, Quartermaster, ^^ -. 

15 Thomas Swords, Quartermaster, 5 l em P orarll y- 
13 M. M. Clark, Assistant Quartermaster General, 
13 W. A. Gordon, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

Room . Room . 

No. 13 James Goszier, No. 9 L. A. Flury, 

9 Thomas J. Abbott, 11 J. D. Ward, 

13 William L. Bailey, 

George Philips, Messenger. 



THIRD AUDITOR.* 

No. 33 Peter Hagner, Auditor — His Duties. 

The duties of this officer extends to the auditing of all ac- 
counts for the Quartermaster's Department, such as to money 
and property, and the same as to accounts for fortifications ; 
for the Military Academy ; for roads, surveys, and other in- 
ternal improvements; for revolutionary, invalid, and half-pay 
pensions; pensions to widows and orphans; of outstanding 
claims, arising before and during the last war; and of all un- 

* This officer, though formerly in the War Department, is 
now in the Treasury building. 

*5 



54 WAR DEPARTMENT. 

settled accounts of the War Department from the commence 

ment of the Government to 1st July, 1815. 

No. 22 James Thompson, Chief Clerk, 
clerks. 

Room. Room. 

No. 11 C. Abbot, No. 44 B. L. Bogan, 

32 A. F. Cunningham, 22 T. C. Daniel, 

12 E. V. Everhart, 16 A. M. Gangewer ? 

23 J B. Hagner, 31 J. W. Thompson, 

12 S. H.Hill, 31 S. H Janney, 

11 L.Jones, 11 J. B. Kiikpatrick, 

31 J. Minor— (basement) 16 S. Norment, 

34 G. Pearce, 31 W. T. Price, 

44 J. B. Palmer, 20 J. M. Smith, 

31 M. Seldon, 16 E Smith, 

21 J. P. Sheldon, 33 W. H. S. Taylor, 
43 A. B. Thruston, 44 W. Tyson, 

43 H. K. Randall, 14 S. S. Hind, 

43 H. H. Watis, 33 C. S. Wallack, 

22 R. B. Williams, 
Thomas Dove, Messenger, 
Richard Dove, Assistant Messenger, 
Soloman Goddard, Laborer. 



ENGINEER BUREAU. 

The building at present occupied by the Chief Engineer and 
his suite is situated on the north-west corner of Pennsylvania 
Avenue and Seventeenth street west, opposite diagonally north- 
west from the War Office. It contains eight rooms on the 
three floors. The Chief Engineer and his officers occupy the 
second and third floors. 

Col. J. G. Totten, Chief Engineer. 

He directs and regulates the duties of the corps of Engi- 
neers, and those also of such of the Topographical Engineers 
a3 may be attached to the Engineer Department ; also is the 
Inspector of the Military Academy, and charged with its cor- 
respondence. 

The function of the Engineers being generally confined to 
the most elevated brai ctns of military science, they do not as- 
sume, nor are they subject to be ordered on any duty beyond 
the line of their immediate profession, except by special autho- 
rity through the War Department ; and when so arranged to 
other duties, either on detachment or otherwise, they have pre- 
cedence according to their commissions, which at all times en- 
title them to every mark of military respect. 

Capt. A. Welcker, Assistant Engineer, 
T.N. Barberin, Chief Clerk. 



WAR DEPARTMENT. 55 



CLERKS. 

James C. Wilson, R. Cruikshank, 

J. Eveleth, R. B. Fowler, 

O. 13. Denham, Messenger. 



BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEERS. 

This bureau occupies the first floor of the double tenement 
oi brick, in the block of buildings on Seventeenth street, op- 
posite the War and Navy Office. 

Col. J. J. Abert, Chief Officer. 

This officer has charge of all topographical operations, and 
surveys for military purposes and lor purposes of internal im- 
provement, and of all maps, drawings, and documents in rela- 
to those duties. 

G. Thomson, Chief Clerk . 

CLERKS. 

Charles Tschiffely, J. R. Dorsey, 

J. G. Bruff, 

J. Lawrence, Messenger, 

G. Thompson, Assistant Messenger and Laborer. 



ORDNANCE BUREAU. 

On the thiid floor of the same building with the former. 

Lt. Col. G. Talcott, Chief of Bureau. 

It is his duty to direct the inspection and proving of all pie- 
ces of ordnance, cannon balls, shot shells, small arms, side- 
arms, and equipments procured for the use of the army of the 
United States, and to direct the construction of all cannon and 
carriages, rid every implement and apparatus for ordnance and 
ammunition w ago us, travelling barges, and aitificers' wagons; 
the inspection and proving of powder, and the preparation of 
all kinds of ammunition and ordnance stores. It is also his 
duty to furnish estimates, under the direction of the Secretary 
of War, to make contracts and purchases for procuring the ne- 
cessary supplies of arms, equipments, ordnance, and ordnance 
•tores. 

George Bender, Chief Clerk, 
clerks. 

M. Adler, J. M. Pumroy, 

S. Rainey, A. Herbert, 

W. McDermott, N. W. Fales, 

J. e. Keller, 

N. Mullikin, Messenger. 



56 WAR DEPARTMENT. 



SUBSISTENCE BUREAU, 

This bureau occupies the second floor of the same building 
over the Topographical Office. The officers located here are 
as follow: — 

Gen. J. Gibson, Commissary General — His Duties. 

To make estimates of expenditure for his department; con- 
tract and purchase subsistance for the army ; regulate the trans- 
mission of funds to his assistants ; make payments to contract- 
ors ; adjust accounts for settlement ; locate his assistants at 
their several stations, and in general, provide for the proper 
administration of his department in ail its ramifications. 
R. Gott, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

W. J. Smith, T. D. Searight, 

C. G. Wilcox, W. II. Watson, 

C. Muroe, 

J. Schwartz, Messenger. 



PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S BUREAU, 

The Paymaster- General occupies the first and second floors 
of the brick building adjoining south that of the bureaus men- 
tioned above, The officers located here are as follow : — 

Gen. N. Towson, Paymaster-General — His Duties. 
Second Floor, 

He is charged with the military responsibilities of his de- 
partment in all its details. Payments are provided by law to 
be made the troops on the last days of February, April, June, 
August, October, and December in each year, unless the cir- 
cumstances of the case shall render it unavoidable. 
N. Frye, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

W. D. Beall, E. H. Brooke, 

C. Witman, J. L. Brooke, 

D. W. Davis, T. P. Everett, 

R. 0. Knowles, Messenger. 



MEDICAL BUREAU, 

The building occupied by this bureau is situated on the north 
side of G street, not tar from the War Office. The officers lo- 
cated here are as follow : — 



WAR DEPARTMENT. 57 



T. Lavvson, Surgeon General. 

This officer is stationed at Washington, and is the director 
and immediate accounting officer of the Medical Department. 
He issues all orders and instructions relating to the professional 
duties of the officers of the medical staff ; and calls for and re- 
ceives such supports and returns fiom them as maybe requisite 
for the performance of Lis several duties. 

Henry L. Heiskell, Surgeon. 

CLERKS, 

R. Johnson, A. Balmam, 

J. H. Collins, Messenger. 



COMMANDING GENERAL'S BUREAU, 

First Fluor, 

Maj. Ge:n. Winfield Scott, Commanding General. 

Room No. 8. 

The duties of this officer comprise the arrangement of the 
military force of the U. S. so as to give protection to the mar- 
itime frontier and to the interior border. He superintends the 
recruiting sprvice ; the discipline and police of the army ; or- 
ders general courts martial, and decides in all cases except 
v, hen the life of an officer or soldier is affected, or the commis- 
sion of au officer. It is his province to see that the, laws and 
regulations governing the army are enforced, aiid that justice 
is done to all concerned. In his duties he is assisted by the 
Adjutant General, through whose office all orders are issued 
to the army, and returns of its strength made, as well as the 
general military correspondence in relation to the details of 
service ; also two Inspector Generals, besides his Aid-de-Camp. 

No. 6 H. L. Scott, ) ... , n 

6 Thomas Williams, \ Aid-de-Camps. 
6 E. Brewer, Chief Clerk, 

J. Williamson, Messenger. 



ADJUTANT GENERAL'S BUREAU, 

No. 16 Gen. Roger Jones, Adjutant General — Duties^ 

This officer is the repository of the records which refer to 
the personnel of the army in war, as well as in time of peace,, 
and of the military history of every officer and soldier, from 
the earliest period of the Government, so far as these may have 
been preserved. It is here where all military appointments- 
and commissions are made out and registered, where the names 
of all enlisted soldiers are entered, and their size, roll, and en- 
iistments recorded and filed, &c. It is in this office where the 



58 WAR DEPARTMENT. 

monthly returns of the troops and muster rolls of all companies 
are preserved and received— where the original proceedings of 
geneial courts martial are deposited and entered — where the 
inventory of the effects of deceased officers and soldiers are 
forwarded and recorded. 

No. 14 Major Win, G. Freeman, > . , f ...,, r- „„|_ 
14 Capt. E. 0. Townsend, \ Ass i Ad J t Serais. 
12 John M. Hepburn, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

Room, . Room . 

No. 12 James L. Addison, No. 7 John George Law, 
7 James H. Lnwry, A. F. Wilcox, bas't 

12 Lewis R. Hammersloy, 14 Rich'd M. Hanson, 
Charles Baker, Messenger. 



SECOND AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY. 

No. 1 John M. McCalla, Second Auditor — His Duties. 

The Second Auditor receives and settles — 1st, all accounts 
relative to the pay of the army subsistence and forage of offi- 
cers, and pays subsistence and clothing of their servants. 2d, 
All accounts for the contingent disbursement of the army, for 
which no specific appropriations are made by Congress, 3d, 
All accounts relating to the purchase of medicines, drugs, sur- 
gical instruments, hospital stores, &c; also the claims of pri- 
vate physicians, for medical services rendered, such officers 
and soldiers who cannot be attended by the surgeons of the 
army. 4th. All accounts relating to the recruiting service. — 
5tb. All accounts of the Oidnance Department; those of the 
various arsenals ; and accounts appertaining to armament of 
river fortifications, and to arming and equipping the militia, &c. 
6th. Accountants for disbursements at the national armories. 
7th. All accounts relating to disbursements in the Indian de- 
partments, such as pay of agents, presents, annuities, holding 
treaties, running boundary lines, contingent expenses, &c, and 
the property accounts of the army arising out of the foregoing; 
«xpenditures. 

No. 3 Josiah F. Polk, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

Room . Room . 

No. 10 William Mechlin, No. 2 Wm. H. English, 

5 Peter Brady, 5 B. E. Dunscomb, 

4 Vinal Luce, 4 Charles E. Forrest, 

4 J. W. Brown, 4 T. J. Robinson, 

Attic— S. Calvert Ford, Attic— G. H. Heap, 

2 A. M. Farquhar, 2 T. L. Moody, 

3 Samuel Lewis, Attic — W. S. Jackson, 
2 E. H. Tharpe, Attic— E. M. Clarke, 



NAVY DEPARTMENT. 59 

Attic— S. E. Benson, 5 B. F. Brown, 

5 W. H. Kessler, 3 Eleazer Brown, 

4 G. W. Kiinberly, 5 James Minor. 

Francis A. Dunn, Messenger. 



A number of the bureaus attached to the War Department are 
located in other buildings adjoining, which will be given under 
their respective heads. We any notice here the great want of 
accommodation and of safe buildings lor the preservation of the 
invaluable records of this department, in all it> bureaus, which 
demand the serious consideration of Congress The depart- 
ment is now dependent upon private enterprise to furnish the 
requisite accommodations, and a larg« rL -proof building is now 
in a state of erection for this purpose. We may note here gen- 
erally, that the numbers attached lo the officers' names, refer 
to those on the diagram plans annexed. 



NAVY DEPARTMENT. 

The building occupied by this department is situated on the 
west side of the President's square, on a line with Seventeenth 
street, and south of the War Office. In its design it resembles 
the latter building, containing sixteen rooms on each floor. 

The first floor is occupied by the Fourth Auditor of the Trea- 
sury, at the east end, and some of the bureaus at the west end. 

On the second floor are the apartments of the Secretary of 
the Navy, with his suite, occupying the east end; and the dif- 
ferent bureaus the west end. On this floor are many interest- 
ing objects connected with our Naval history, especially on the 
west side, where are deposited, the trophies of two wars, and 
many beautiful models of vessels. 

The Library of the Department is at the east end, embrac- 
ing several works of interest. 

Some rooms on the third floor, or attic, are occupied by 
clerks, and some with models. 

J. Y. MASON, SECRETARY OF THE NAVY.— Room 5. 
Duties of the Secretary. 
He issues all orders to the Navy of the United States, and 



60 NAVY DEPARTMENT. 

superintends the concerns of the naval establishment general- 
ly; he is by usage a member of the Cabinet, and holds his of- 
fice at the will of the President. Attached to the Navy De- 
partment are the following bureaus : — Bureau of Navy Yards 
and Docks, Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography, Bureau of 
Construction, Equipment and Repairs, Bureau of Provisions 
and Clothing, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery. The duties 
of the several bureaus are designated by their titles. 
No. 4 J. Appleton, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. — SECOND FLOOR. 

Room. Room. 

No. 7 S. L. Harris, No. 7 H. L. Harvey, 

8 L. B. Harden, Attic— A. P. Upbam, 

3 J. Callagan, 7 J. J. Berret, 

■2 G. S. Watkins, 8 W. B. Boggs, 

3 A. G. Allen. 8 W. H. Davidge, 

3 C. W. Welsh, 

S. Mickum, Messenger. 

L. Aiuse, Assistant Messenger. 



BUREAU OF NAVY YARDS AND DOCKS. 
No. 14 J. Smith, Chief of Bureau. 
15 W G. Ridgely, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

Room. ■ Room. 

No. 15 S. Gough, No. 8 W. P. S. Sanger. 

S W. P. Moran, 8 G. T. de la Roche, 

[Draughtsman. 
C. Hunt, Messenger. 



BUREAU OF ORDNANCE AND HYDROGRAPHY. 
No. 13 L. Warrington, Chief of Bureau. 
12 G. Harrison, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

Room. Room. 

No. 11 J. P. McCorkle, Attic— C. Schwartz, Dragts'n, 
J. McArann, Messenger. 



BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION, EQUIPMENT AND 
REPAIR. 

No. 14 C. W. Skinner, Chief of Bureau. 
15 P. C Johnson, Chief Clerk. 



NAVY DEPARTMENT. 61 

CLERKS. 

Room. Room. 

No. 15 J. H. Reily, No. 12 J. Broome, 

Attic— E. M. Cunningham, Attic— J. P. Baldwin, 
12 L. Ward, 12 E. Chapman, 

12 J. Selden, 13 A. D. Vandevort, 

W. A. Elliott, Messenger. 



BUREAU OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING. 
No. 17 G. Welles, Chief of Bureau. 
16 H. A. Goldsborough, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

Room. Room. 

No. 11 T. Fillebrown, No. 11 J. R Pease, 

16 J. Pattrick, 11 J. S. Williams, 

Ignacius Lucas, Messenger. 



BUREAU OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
No. 16 Thomas Harris, Chief of Bureau. 
17 J. T. Tuckerman, Assistant Surgeon. 

CLERKS. 

Room. Room. 

No. 17 M. Poor, No. 17 S. A. Elliot, 

M. P. Clark, Messenger. 



FOURTH AUDITOR. 
No. 5 A. O. Dayton, Auditor. 
The Fourth Auditor receives all accounts accruing in the 
Navy Department, or relating to it. He examines the accounts, 
certifies the balances, and transmits the accounts, with the 
vouchers Rnd certificates, to the Second Comptroller, for hi* 
decision upon them. 

No. 5 Thomas H. Gillis, Chief Clerk. 

CLERKS. 

Room. Room. 

No. 7 W. Addison, No. 3 B. F. Culver, 

7 J. Etheridge, 4 G. M. Head, 

4 D. Higgins, — H. Hill, Jr. 

4 W. Hunter, — T. H. Lane, 

7 E. M. Morris, — R. L. Mackall, 

6 M. McLeod, 3 H. G. O'Neal, 
17 J. B. Sullivan, 3 J. B. Thomas, 

7 W. H. Tapping, 

J. E. Holland, Messenger. 
6 



62 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT, 

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

The building occupied by this Department is situate on E 
Street, north, and running from Seventh to Eighth street west- 
The main front is on E street, extending 204 feet, with a wing, 
at each end stretching up Seventh and Eighth streets 162 feet., 
the whole rising three stories above the basement. The street 
fagades are of white marble of the richest workmanship, in the 
Corinthian style, the court or rear fronts with a beautiful speci- 
men of light granite. The first story is faced with a channel- 
led rustic, over which rises the order of columns and pilasters- 
with their rich capitals, extending up two stories, surmounted 
by their entablature, and crowned by- a pannelled blocking 
course. 

The main entrance is from E street by a flight of marble 
steps into a recessed vestibule ; to the right and left are spa- 
cious corridors, leading to marble staircases, conducting to the 
different stories. Each floor contains 25 rooms, or 75 on the 
three floors — the whole made thoroughly fire-proof, and heat- 
ed by furnaces in the basement story. The first floor is occu- 
pied, at the west end, by the dead letter and other offi- 
ces ; the clerks of the Auditor of the Department in the east 
end ; the door-keeper's room is opposite the entrance. The 
second floor is occupied, in the centre building and west wing 
by the Post Master General, and the Assistant Post Master 
Generals, with their clerks ; the east wing by the Auditor of the 
Department and his clerks^ — as. also the major part of the rooms 
in the third story. 

The allotment of the rooms will be seen by reference to trie 
plan, and its numbers compared with the numbers affixed to the 
names of the officers. 

CAVE JOHNSON, POST MASTER GENERAL. 

Duties of the Post Master General. 

The duties of this officer are prescribed by law. He is- 
aided in the discharge of his duties by three assistants ap- 
pointed by himself. He has the sole appointment of all Post- 
masters throughout the United States, whose commissions are 
less than $1000 per annum ; those yielding $1000 or more 
per annum, are appointed by the President by and with the 
advice of the Senate; also, the making of all contracts for 
conveying the mails, and, in brief, the control, according to 
law, of every thing relating to his office. He is ex-officio a 
member of the Cabinet, and holds his office at the will of the 
President. 

The revenue arising from the General Post Office is by law- 
expended for the support, extension and improvement of the 
establishment. During the year ending on the 30th June, 
1847, the mails were carried 38,887,899 miles. The gross 
revenue for the same period amounted to $4,313,157, and the 
total expenditure to $3,945,893. The duties of the three 



Sr k Street 




7 t7 . 1 Street 



POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 63 

Assistant Postmaster Generals, though arduous and responsible, 
are purely ministerial. 

In case of the death, resignation, or absence of the Postmas- 
ter General, all his powers and duties devolve, by law, on the 
First Assistant. 

No. 7 Selah R. Hobbie, 1st Assistant Postmaster General, 
4 William J. Brown, 2d do. do. do. 

20 John Marron, 3d do. do. do. 

22 William H. Dundas, Chief Clerk, 

8 Samuel B. Beach, Prin. Clerk and Sup't. of Building, 
3 David Saunders, Principal Clerk, 

9 Nicholas Halter, do. do. 

11 Henry A. Burr, Topographer, 2d floor, 

CLERKS. 

Room. Room. 

No. 23 G. M. Ayres, No. 27 E. H. Metcalf, 

9 W. Bell, M. J. Montgomery, 

14 G. A. Bohrer, 15 J. Owner, Jr. 

16 C. A. Colt, 13 J. Quicksall, 
19 W. J. Darden, T. B. Riley, 

15 E. Ellis, 13 T. E. S. Russwurm, 
15 L. H. Emmons, 9 C. Smith, 

18 T. H. Fisher, 3 J. Spere, 
11 J. Ferguson, 19 J. Snyder, 

15 J. H. Hamilton, 9 N. C. Towle, 
29 J. Hunter, 22 D. Vass, 

17 H. Johnson, 10 C. S. Weller, 

16 H. Kins, 25 W. D. Wallach, 
16 G. M. Kendall, 15 C. S. Whittelsey, 
23 R. A. Lacey, 9 J. H. Wheat, 

15 D. T .D. Leech, 13 T. J. Williams, 

11 C. Laurie, 13 W. P. Young, 

19 G. Lumpkin, A. N. Zevely. 
26 J. H. Marr, 

19 W. J. Sibley, Messenger. 
21 Eli Davis, ) w . , awi 
21 W. O.Jones J Watchmen. 
21 Richard H. Gordon, > A „:- f?n f 

21 R. B. Boyd, Door Keeper. 



AUDITOR OF THE TREASURY FOR THE POST 
OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 

No. 1 Peter G. Washington, Auditor. 
To this office are assigned the duties of examining the re- 
turns of postmasters, and of notifying them of errors found 
therein ; of adjusting their general accounts ; of designating 
the post offices from which contractors shall make collections, 



64 POST OFFICE 1>EFARTMENT. 

and of furnishing them the blank orders and receipts necessary 
for that purpose ; of transmitting forms to postmasters at the 
ends of routes for certifying the performance of mail service, 
and upon receipt of said certificates, together with the 
acknowledgment*} of contractors of collections, and of notices 
of fines imposed on them, of adjusting their quarterly com- 
pensation, and of transmitting to them the drafts issued in 
payment of the balances found due ; of adjusting the accounts 
for all blanks furnished to post offices, for advertising, mail 
bags, mail locks and keys, stamps, special agents, and all other 
demands properly arising under the laws, contracts, regula- 
tions or orders of the Department ; of closing the accounts of 
the Department quarterly, and of reporting the amounts paid 
by postmasters pursuant to appropriations made by law, and of 
registering, charging, and countersigning all warrants upon the 
Treasury for receipts and payments when warranted by law, 
as well as all drafts issued in payment or in the collection of 
debts. 

To the Auditor are also assigned the duties of reporting all 
delinquencies on the part of postmasters in paying over the 
moneys in their hands ; of diiecting suits, and superintending 
all proceedings at law or in equity proper for enforcing the 
prompt collection of all balances due the Department, including 
penalties imposed on postmasters for failing to make returns, 
or pay over the proceeds of their offices. 

To this office should be transmitted all accounts, (other than 
postmasters' quarterly returns,) all letters and vouchers re- 
lating to accounts or items in such returns, and the receipts of 
postmasters for public property turned over to them by their 
predecessors; all acknowledgments of drafts issued In payment 
of balances; all certificates of service, receipts of contractors 
for, and their acknowledgments of collections from post- 
masters ; all letters admitting or contesting balances due on 
general accounts of postmasters or contractors ; all receipts 
for drafts issued in collecting such balances ; and all letters 
returning such drafts, or reporting the non-payment thereof; 
all stated returns of District Attorneys and Marshals of their 
proceedings in post office cases ; all receipts for deposites of 
money collected in such cases ; all letters making propositions 
of settlement; and all letters seeking directions, or giving in- 
formation preparatory to trial, or relating to the service of 
executions or sale of property, &c, in any such cases. 
No. 29 William Van Voorhees, Chief Clerk. 

PRINCIPAL CLERKS. 

Boom. Room. 

No. 1 W. G. Elliot, 1st floor, No. 2 E. L. Childs, 3d floor, 
27 Richard Dement, 1st B Rm— John F. Boone, 3d 

CLERKS. 

floor. floor. 

B Rm— L. J. Anderson, 3d No. 28 W. Latham, 1st 



THE PATENT OFFICE. 



65 



:no. 



Floor, 
5 W. J. Bronaugh, 1st 



4 T. E. Brown, 
3 A. H. Brown, 
11 T. Bartlett, Jr., 
27 J. Brunson, 
19 W. R. Bradford, 



3d 



Floor. 
28 L. L. Lavine, 3d 
27 J. McLaughlin, 3d 



1st 
3d 



5 J. T. Caldwell, 1st 



B Rra— J. Coolidge 

23 J. Carter, 1st 

20 J. Caden, 1st 

28 J. A. M. Duncanson 

29 G. Dale, 
7 Farrel, 
1 G. Dyer, 

23 S. J. Dallas, 

23 — Durham, 1st 

22 J. Douglas, 1st 

23 J. S. Davis, 3d 
26 S. M. Edwards, 3d 



B Rm- G. W. Mountz, 
4 — McPherson, 
25 C. Monroe, 

22 McAllister, 

23 J. McKenny, 
4H.S.6. OJfut, 

27 R.J. Powell, 
3 C. T. Pope, 

19 A. H. Parish, 
1st B Rm — Plum, 
1st 1 H. Rogers, 

3d 19 J. Reynolds, 

3d B Rm— J. H. Robbins, 



8 A. Russell, 

25 T. A. Scott, 

4 — Sharretts, 



3d 

1st 
1st 
1st 
3d 
3d 
3d 
3d 
3d 
3d 
3d 
1st 
3d 
1st 
3d 
3d 



3 W. H. Sullivan, 1st 



1st 
3d 
1st 
1st 
3d 
1st 



8 J. Fitzhugh 
B Rm— E. W. Forteney, 
19 S. A. Houston, 
22 G. Harris, 

8 G.D Harrison, 
29 J. M. Harrison, 
33 S.Harkness, 
33 T. Hume, 
27 T. H. Hopkins, 

4 M. Johnson, 

26 J. O. Jones, 

27 J. C. Kennedy, 
29 W. C. Lipscomb, 3d 

W. W. Cox, Messenger. 
No. 2 R. White and Sherwood, Superintendents. 



27 N. Tastet, 

27 J. Thaw, 

8 T. P. Trott, 

25 M. Titcomb 

5 J.Todd, 

4 J. Voorhees, 

1st B Rm— J. P. Wheeler, 

3d 25 P. G. Washington, 

2d 8 S. Welsh, 1st 

2d 20 J. Wimsatt, 1st 

3d B Rm — Wilburn, 

2d 7 J. O. Wolcott, 



2d 
1st 
3d 
3d 
1st 
1st 
3d 



3d 

1st 



THE PATENT OFFICE. 

The building occupied by this office is located on F street, 
north, between Seventh and Ninth streets, west. It is tho- 
roughly fire-proof in its construction. The original design 
contemplates a very extensive edifice, commensurate to the 
objects for which it was intended. The portion of building 
now erected extends 270 feet, by a depth of 70 feet, arid two 
lofty stories above a high basement. The principal front looks 
6* 



66 THE PATENT OFFICE. 

down Eighth street, where the grand portico (of the Parthe* 
non proportions,) forms the principal feature of the building. 
You enter the building from this side, by a grand flight of gran- 
ite steps, which lands you on the principal business floor; in 
front is a large hall conducting to a grand double flight of mar- 
ble steps, ascending to the spacious National Hall above. The 
passage on the right leads to the office rooms of the Commis- 
sioner of Patents, that on the left to the large model room, fill- 
ed with the rich gifts of mechanical science and art, disposed 
in glass cases. The second floor is thrown into one great hall 
for the exhibition of home manufactures, &.c, which may ap- 
propriately be called the national gallery. The greatest length 
of this hall is 264 feet, the width 63 feet, and height 30 feet- 
It is ornamented with a quadruple row of massive stone col- 
umns, rising with their entablature 20 feet, above which spring 
a series of arches, 10 feet high, which, covering the whole 
area, form a highly ornamental ceiling. In the centre a grand 
barrel arch of 40 feet span, towers above the rest, pierced with 
an aperture 13 feet in diameter, which admits the light from 
above — the whole constructed of solid masonry. 

This splendid hall has been appropriated, since 1842, to re- 
ceive the collections of natural history, &c, brought home 
by the United States Naval Exploring Expedition ; they have 
since been arranged, and are still under the superintendence 
of Commander Charles Wilkes of the Navy. 

The ethnological collections contain crania of the ancient 
Peruvians, various races of Polynesians, and of the aborigines 
of Oregon, California, &c, many of which are fancifully dis- 
torted ; an operation performed during the infancy of the indi- 
viduals in a peculiarly formed cradle, models of which are in 
the collection. The arms, hunting and fishing implements, 
dresses, manufactures of various nations, are, many ot them, 
very curious, and interesting from the fact of their showing the 
different stages of progression from barbarism to civilization. 
They amount to the number of 2576 specimens. 

The mammalia and birds consist of 3130 specimens, which 
are representatives of 846 species. The fish, reptiles, Crusta- 
cea, insects, echinodermata, shells, and coralines are in great 
numbers, and illustrate many thousand forms of animal life. 

The botanical collection, in a hortus sicus, arranged in the 
two northern alcoves of this hall, contains upwards of 10,000 
species of plants, of recent discovery; the living plants may 
be seen in the garden and green-house on the grounds north of 
the building. 

The minerals, fossils, and geological specimens, arranged in 
the south-west part of the room, lorm an extensive and inter- 
esting collection. 

This hall contains, in addition to the collection of the explo- 
ring expedition, many curiosities belonging to the Departments 
of State, War and Navy, of the United States, besides the per- 
sonal effects of Mr. Smithson, an English gentleman, who be- 



THE PATENT OFFICT. 



67 



queathed his property to the government of the United States, 
to round the Smithsonian institution "for the increase and dif- 
fusion of knowledge among men." When the building for this 
institution is ready, it is in contemplation to remove all the 
scientific collections now in this hall to it, these being present- 
ed to this institution by the munificence of Congress, by act 
approved August 10, 1846. 

The National Institute Society of the city of Washington 
have their scientific collections deposited here also, and they 
are of an interesting character. 

Tn the basement story of this building is a large room at the 
west end, for the reception of full-sized models ; the rooms at 
the east end are occupied as offices — one appropriated to the 
meetings of the National Institute Society. 

The large room on the left of the hall contains all the models 
upon which patents have been issued, distributed in glasscases 
and classed in the following order, with labels affixed to each 
case: 
[The cases number from the right, entering the model room, 

down the range — and returning upon the left, the cases in 

the Vestibule, or Hall, are also in the numbers.] 



In what cases 


Class 


1 and 2 

8 


1 
2 


16, 17 and IS 


3 


10 


4 


9 

Vestibule 19 


5 
6 


15 
21 


7 

8 


12 and 13 


9 


13 


10 


14 and 16 


11 


7 


12 


3 


13 


15 and 16 


14 


13 


15 



Agriculture, its instruments and operations ; 

Metallurgy, manufacture of metals and in- 
struments ; 

Manufacture of fibrous and textile substan- 
ces, machines, cotton, wool, &c 

Chemical processes, manufactures and com- 
pounds, &x. 

Calorific, lamps, fire-places, stoves, &c. 

Steam and gas engines, boilers and furnaces 
thereof, &c. 

Navigation and maritime implements, &c. 

Mathematical, philosophical, and optical in- 
struments and clocks ; 

Civil engineering and architecture, bridges, 
roads, canals, &c. 

Land conveyance, carriages, cars, and parts 
thereof, &cc. 

Hydraulic and pneumatic, water-wheels, 
wind-mills, &c. 

Lever, screw, and other mechanical powers, 
weighing, raising, &c. 

Grinding mills and other geering, horse pow- 
er, &c. 

Lumber, machines and tools for preparing 
the same, &c. 

Stone and clay, manufactures, machinery 
for pottery, glass, &c. 



68 THE PATENT OFFICE. 



In what cases 


Class 


16 


16 


4 


17 


Vestibule 21 


18 


7 


19 


Vestibule 21 


20 


15 


21 



Leather, including tannery, manufacture of 

boots, shoes, &c. 
Household furniture and machines for do- 
mestic purposes, bread, &c. 
Arts, polite, fine, and ornamental, music, 
painting, sculpture, engraving, books, &c. 
Fire arms and implements of war, manufac- 
ture of gunpowder, shot, &c. 
20|Surgical and medical instruments, trusses, 

dental instruments, baths, &c. 
21 1 Wearing apparel for the toilet, instruments 
for manufacturing, &c 

It is to be regretted that these valuable works of genius are 
obliged to be so crowded together, from the want of room. The 
necessity of adding wings to the building, has been frequently 
urged by the Commissioner on Congress without avail, al- 
though the expense of this erection might be taken out of the 
surplus fund of the office, amounting now to nearly $200,000, 
and which, at present, remains a dead fund in the Treasury.* 

* The general outline of the plan of the Patent Office cor- 
responds with that of the celebrated Louvre, at Paris ; the fa- 
cade is derived from the Parthenon, at Athens, forming, as a 
whole, an imposing composition, well adapted to the objects for 
which it was designed. The idea of this plan was presented 
by Messrs. Town & Elliot, and is that upon which the portion 
of building now erected is based. The architect (Mr. Mills) 
charged with carrying this building into execution, in conse- 
quence of never having been in possession of the original draw- 
ings of Town & Elliot, was compelled to project plans of his 
own, predicated upon the outline, as approved by the Execu- 
tive ; and upon this projection the present structure was groun- 
ded, forming the main centre of the south iront. Since the 
drawing of Mr. Mills' projection was made, that of Town & 
Elliot has been exhibited, and both may now be seen at the 
Patent Office. The interior arrangement of the plan is princi- 
pally that of Mr. M's, by which the great exhibition room a- 
bove was kept unbroken by the ascent of the stairs, and the 
whole of the west end of the building below, thrown into one 
large room for the models. The beautiful engraving at the head 
of the Letters Patent issued by the office, presents a perspec- 
tive view of the building as completed, and corresponds gene- 
rally with the drawing as prepared by Mr. Mills. This note 
has been introduced here, merely to explain the merits of au- 
thorship respecting the design of this building, upon which a 
question has arisen ; the public must judge for themselves in 
the case, from the facts stated above. 



THE PATENT OFFICE. 69 

EDMOND BURKE, COMMISSIONER— Room 2. 

Duties of the Commissioner. 

The duties of this officer are onerous, arduous, and responsi- 
ble — all established by law. Although the Patent Office is 
nominally connected with the Department of State, all its bu- 
siness operations are distinct and independent of the head of 
that department. The Secretary of State merely signs letters 
patent which are ordered to be issued by the Commissioner. — 
The latter officer causes the examination to be mar>e and de- 
cides, in the first instance, whether an application for a patent 
shall be granted or refused, subject, however, to an appeal to 
the Chief Justice of the District of Columbia when a patent is 
refused ; or, the aggrieved parly has the power in such case to 
appeal to the Circuit Court of the District, by bill in equity 
against the Commissioner, if he prefers that form of remedy. 
The revenues and disbursements of the Patent Office are also 
under the control of the Commissioner — the Secretary of State 
having no power to interfere with them. 

The Commissioner of Patents superintends, executes, and 
performs all such acts and things, touching and respecting the 
granting and issuing of patents for new and useful discoveries, 
inventions, and improvements, designated by the act passed 
July 4, 1836, and by subsequent acts, and has the charge and 
custody of all the books, records, papers, models, machines, 
and all other things belonging to his office. To assist him in 
his duties, he has, besides a chief clerk and other clerks, four 
examiners, two draughtsmen, and a machinist. All patents is- 
suing from this office, are issued in the name of the United 
States, and under the seal of the said office, and therein record- 
ed. This invaluable institution, which may emphatically be 
called the peoples', has now nearly 10,000 models of all kinds, 
which are open for public inspection every business day, be- 
sides a vast collection of the drawings of inventions patented 
in this country, together with a valuable library containing the 
best and most approved scientific works of the countries most 
distinguished in the arts, to aid the officers in the performance 
of their difficult and responsible duties. 

The Patent Office is a self-sustaining institution, being sup- 
ported entirely by the duties and fees collected from inventors 
and from persons desiring copies of the files and records of the 
office. From its foundation it has much more than sustained 
itself, and each year it deposites a surplus in the Treasury to 
its credit. After expending $100,000 towards defraying the 
cost of the present Patent Office building, and also expending 
nearly $100,000 in restoring the models and drawings destroy- 
ed by fire in 1836, it has accumulated in the Treasury a sur- 
plus of more than $200,000. This constitutes the Patent Fund, 
and is set apart by Congress for the benefit of the Patent Office, 
and through that institution, the inventors who have paid it in- 
to the Treasury, 



TO THE SUPREME COURT. 

The crowded state of the models and works of art in the 
building occupied by this office, has been long complained of, 
and the necessity of enlarging the accommodations, by carry- 
ing out the wings of the building, urged upon Congress. The 
surplus fund of the office is ample for this purpose, and the in- 
creasing wants of the people would justify its appropriation to 
this object. The present Commissioner, as well as his prede- 
cessor, has presented the pressing wants of the office, in this 
respect, in their reports to Congress. 

Henry H. Sylvester, Chief Clerk. 

EXAMINERS. ASSISTANT EXAMINERS. 

Boom. Room 

No. 9 C. G. Page, No. 7 T. G. Clinton, 

7 W. P. Fitzgerald, 9 L. D. Gale, 

MACHINIST, DRAUGHTSMEN. 

4 H. Knowles, 10 A. L. Mclntire, 

[Assistant— 6 A. A. Von Schmidt. 



3 S. T. Shugert, 4 J. F. Roane, 
8 L. F. Fales, 8 T. G. Smith, 

4 T. Johns, 4 E. McDonnell, 
3 A. B. Stoughton, 

5 A. B. Little, Messenger, 

J. Varden arranges presents in National Gallery , 

J. Hollohan, Day Watchman, 



£•!=; laborers. 



SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The Supreme Court of the United States has exclusive ju- 
risdiction of all controversies of a civil nature, where a State 
is a party, except between a State and its citizens ; and except, 
also, between a State and citizens of other States, or aliens, in 
which latter case it has original, but not exclusive, jurisdic- 
tion — and has exclusively all such jurisdiction of suits or pro- 
ceedings against ambassadors, or other public ministers, or 
their domestics, or domestic servants, as a court of law can 



laaJiS ,/; L 




THE SUPREME COURT. 71 

have or exercise consistently with the law of nations — and ori- 
ginal, but not exclusive, jurisdiction of all suits brought by- 
ambassadors, cr other public ministers, or in which a consul or 
vice consul shall be a party. The Supreme Court has also ap- 
pellate jurisdiction from the Circuit Courts and courts of the 
several States, in certain cases ; and has power to issue writs 
of prohibition to District courts, when proceeding as courts of 
admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, and writs of mandamus, 
in cases warranted by the principles and usages of law, to any 
courts appointed, or persons holding office, under the authori- 
ty of the United States. 

A final judgment or decree in any suit, in the highest court 
of law or equity of a State, in which a decision in the suit could 
be had, where is drawn in question the validity of a treaty or 
statute of, or an authority exercised under the United States, 
and the decision is against their validity — or where is drawn in 
question the validity of a statute of, or an authority exercised 
under any State, on the ground of their being repugnant to the 
constitution, treaties, or laws of the United States, and the de- 
cision is in favor of such their validity — or where is drawn in 
question the construction of any clause of the constitution, or 
of a treaty or statute of, or commission held under the United 
States, and the decision is against the title, right, privilege, or 
exemption, specially set up or claimed by either party, under 
such clause of the constitution, treaty, statute, or commission, 
may be re-examined, and reversed or affirmed, in the Supreme 
Court of the United States, upon a writ of error, the citation 
being signed by the chief justice, or judge, or chancellor, of 
the court rendering or passing the judgment complained of, 
or by a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in 
the same manner, and under the same regulations, and the writ 
has the same effect, as if the judgment or decree complained of, 
had been rendered or passed in a circuit court, and the proceed- 
ing upon the revisal is also the same, except that the Supreme 
Court, instead of remanding the cause for a final decision, may, 
at their discretion, if the cause shall have been once remanded 
before, proceed to a final decision of the same and award exe- 
cution. But no other error can be assigned or regarded as a 
ground of reversal in any such case, than such as appears on 
the face of the record and immediately respects the beforemen- 
tioned questions of validity or construction of the said consti- 
tution, treaties, statutes, commissions or authorities in dispute. 

The following is the mode of suing out a writ of error: in 
cases of writs of error to a federal court, the writ should be al- 
lowed, citation signed, and bond approved, by a circuit judge; 
where the writ is to a State court, the same must be done eith- 
er by a justice of the Supreme Court or by the presiding judge 
of the court whose judgment is complained of. With the trans- 
cript of the record for the Supreme Court, should be return- 
ed the writ, citation, with service, and a copy of the bond, fil- 
ing in the office below the bond and copies of the writ and ci- 
tation. 



72 FOREIGN MINISTERS, &C. 

The annual meeting of this Court takes place in the Capitol 
of the United States, on the second Monday in each December. 
The chamber it now occupies is on the first floor of the 
building on the north side ; it was built designedly for its ac- 
commodation, but from its low position, want of a proper light 
and cramped space for business, it has been long complained 
of. This chamber is very rich in its architectural arrange- 
ment, and of a form well adapted to forensic debate. As we 
have previously described this chamber, it will be unnecessary 
to enlarge on this head. The entrances to it are much below 
its dignity, winding and dark, and through the same vestibule 
on the east front of the Capitol, conducting to the marble 
staircase leading to the Senate chamber above. 

Judges of the Supreme Court. 

City residence. 
Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice, Brenner's Pa. avenue. 
John McLean, Assistant Justice, Mrs. Carter's, Capitol Hill. 



James M. Wayne, 


do. 


Brenner's, Pa. avenue. 


John Catron, 


do. 


Tyler's Hotel. 


John McKinley, 


do. 




Peter V. Daniel, 


do. 


do. 


Samuel Nelson, 


do. 


Gadsby's Hotel. 


Levi Woodbury, 


do. 


do. 


Robert C. Grier, 


do. 


Tyler's Hotel. 



Benjamin G. Howard, Reporter, Brenner's, Pa. avenue. 
Nathan Clifford, Attorney General, Mrs. Latimer's, 14th 
street. 

William T. Carroll, Clerk of the Court. 

Middleton, Clerk. 

Alexander Hunter, Marshal, corner of 3d and C streets. 
» Messenger. 



FOREIGN MINISTERS, &c. 

List of Foreign Diplomatic Agents in the United States. 

RUSSIA. 

M. Alexandre Bodisco, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 

Plenipotentiary, Georgetown. 
M. Edward de Stoeckl, First Secretary of Legation. 
Mr. de Cramer, Second do. * do. 

GREAT BRITAIN. 
Mr. John Fienne Crampton, Acting Charge d'Affaires. 
Mr. Berkeley, Attache. 



FOREIGN MINISTERS, &C. 73 

FRANCE. 

M. Alphonse Pageot, Minister Plenipotentiary, ad interim, 

Pennsylvania avenue, near Georgetown. 
M. de Bourbulon, 1st Secretary of Legation. 
M. George Serurier, do. do. 

Prinee de Beauff'remont, Attache. 

THE NETHERLANDS. 
The Chevalier Fs. M. W. Testa, Cha^e d'Affaires. 

SPAIN. 
Don A. Caldoron de la Barca, Envoy Extraordinary and 

Minister Plenipotentiary, corner of 21st and F streets. 
Don Eniilio de Alvear, Secretary of Legation. 

PRUSSIA. 
Baron von Gerolt, Minister Resident, corner of G and 18th 
streets. 

AUSTRIA. 
Chevalier Hiilsemanii, Charge d'Affaires, G street, between 
19th and 20th streets west. 

PORTUGAL. 
The Commander J. C. de Figaniere eMorao, Minister Re- 
sident, Georgetown. 
M. de Menezes, Attache. 

BELGIUM. 
Chevalier A. N. Beaulieu, Minister Resident, Pennsylvania 
avenue, near Georgetown. 

DENMARK. 
Mr. Steen Bille, Charge d'Affaires.- 
SWEDEN. 
Mr. A. de Lovenskiold, Charge d'Affaires. 

BRAZIL. 
Mr. Felippe Pereira Leal, Charge d'Affaires. 

THE ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION. 
The Brigadier General Don Carlos de Alvear, Minister Pleni- 
potentiary and Extraordinary. 

CHILE. 

Senor Don Manuel Carvallo, Envoy Extraordinary and Minis- 
ter Plenipotentiary, 7th street, opposite the General Post 
Office. 

Don Francisco Astaburuaga, } 

Don Nicolas Vergara, > Officers of the Legation. 

Don Zenon Freire, j 

. 7 



74 FOREIGN MINISTERS, &C. 

PERU. 
Don Joaquin Jose de Osma, Minister Plenipotentiary: 
Don Domingo Valle Riestra, Secretary of Legation. 
Don Yunucio de Osma, Attache. 

NEW GRANADA. 

General Pedro Alcantara Herran, Envoy Extraordinary and 

Minister Plenipotentiary. 
Don Cervelean Penzon, Secretary of Legation. 



do. 


Leeds. 


do. 


Liverpool. 


do. 


Manchester. 


do. 


Bristol. 


do. 


Falmouth. 


do. 


Plymouth. 


do. 


Cowes, Isle of Wight, 



Ministers, Consuls, and other Diplomatic Agents of the United 
States in foreign countries, and places of residence, 

BRITISH DOMINIONS. 

England. 

George Bancroft, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
tentiary, London. 
John R. Brodhead, Secretary of Legation, London. 
Thomas Aspinwall, consul, London. 
Albert Davy, 
Robert Armstrong, 
James Fiora, 
Francis B. Ogden, 
Robert W. Fox, 
Thomas Were Fox, 
Joseph R. Croskey, 

k 

Scotland. 
Robert Grieve, consul, Leith, Port of Edinburgh, 
Stewart Steel, do. Dundee. 
James Cowdin, do. Glasgow. 

Ireland. 
Hugh Keenan, consul, Dublin. 
T. W. Gilpm, do. Belfast 
R. L. Loughead, do. Londonderry. 
John Murphy, do. Cork. 
Michael Kennedy, consul, Galway. 

China. 
Frederick T. Bush, consul, Hong Kong 

East Indies. 
George W. Ellis, consul, Bombay. 
Joseph Balestier, do. Singapore 
Charles Huflnagle, do, Calcutta 



FOREIGN MINISTERS, &C. 75 

In and near Europe and Africa: 
Horatia Sprague, consul, Gibraltar. 
William Winthrop, do. Island of Malta. 
Isaac Chase, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope: 
William Carrol, consul, Port Louis, Isle of France: 
J. McCand, consul agent, Island of St. Helena. 

North America. 
Israel D. Andrews, consul, St. John's, N. B. 
T. B. Livingston, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 
Luther Brackett, consul, Pictou, Nova Scotia. 
Christopher Hempstead, Belize, Honduras. 

South America^ 
Samuel J. Masters, consul, Demerara, British Guiana. 

Australia. 
James H. Williams, consul, Sidney, N. S. Wales. 
E. Hathaway, junior, do. Hobart Town. 

West Indies, 

Frederick B. Wells, consul, Bermuda. 

John F. Bacon, do. Nassau, Bahama Islands: 

John T. Pickett, do. Turk's Island. 

Robert Monroe Harrison, consul, Kingston, Jamaica. 

Noble Towner, do. Barbadoes. 

E. B. Marache, do. Island of Trinidad. 

William T. Thurston, commercial agent, St. Christopher. 

Richard S. Higginbothom, do. do. Antigua. 

RUSSIA. 

Ralph J. Ingersoll, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
potentiary, St. Petersburg. 
Colin M. Ingersoll, Secretary of Legation, St Petersburg. 

On the Baltic Sea. 
Abraham P. Gibson, consul, St. Petersburg, 
Alexander Schwartz, do. Riga. 
Edmund Brandt, do. Archangel. 

John Rallis, do. Odessa. 

OnJke Black Sea. 
John Ralli, consul, Odessa. 

FRENCH DOMINIONS. 
Richard Rush, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary, Paris. 
J. L. Martin, Secretary of Legation, Paris. 
Eobert Walsh, consul, Paris. 
M, Hollander, do- Sedan. 



76 FOREIGN MINISTERS, &C. 

Ports on the Atlantic. 

W. J. Staples, consul, Havre. 
Essex R. Livingston, consul, Nantes. 
Francis M. Auboyneau, do. La Rochelle. 
John Warren Grigsby, do. Bordeaux. 
Angust Furtado, do. Bayonne. 

Ports on the Mediterranean. 
Daniel C. Croxall, consul, Marseilles. 
J. A. Jones, consul agent, Lyons. 

West Indies. 
John W. Fisher, consul, Point-a-Pitre, Guadaloupe. 
Gabriel G. Fleurot, do. St. Pierre, Martinique. 

Africa, 
Francis Lacrouts, consul, Algiers. 

SPANISH DOMINIONS. 

Romulus M. Saunders, Envoy Extraordinary and "Minister 

Plenipotentiary, Madrid. * 

Thomas Caute Reynolds, Secretary of Legation, Madrid. 
Maximo de Agitirre, consul, Bilboa. 
Alexander Burton, do. Cadiz. 
George Reed, do. Malaga. 

Justus Pou, do. Barcelona. 

N. B. Boyle, do. Port Mabon, Island Minorca. 

Cuba. 

Robert B. Campbell, consul, Havana. 
Simeon M. Johnson, do. Matanzas. 
Samuel McLean, do. Trinidad-de-Cuba. 

John W. Holding, do. Sant-Iago-de-Cuba. 

Puerto Rico. 

James C. Gallaher, consul, Ponce. 
George Latimer, do. San Juan or St. John's. 

Thomas B. Abrams, com. agent, Mayaguez. 
William H. Tracy, consul, Guayama. 

Other Spanish Islands. 
Edward F. Weld, consul, Teneriffe, Canary. 
Henry B. Sturgis, do. Manilla, Philippine. 

PORTUGUESE DOMINIONS. 

S. W. Hopkins, Charge d'Affaires, Lisbon. 
Louis Tinelli, consul, Oporto. 
Philip H. Roach, do. Lisbon. 

Portuguese Islands . 
Charles W. Dabney, consul, Fay a], Azores. 



FOREIGN MINISTERS, &C. 77 

John H. March, consul, Funchal, Madeira. 

do. Saint Jago, Cape Verd. 

William P. Pierce, do. Macao, China. 

BELGIUM. 

Thomas G. Clemson, Charge d' Affaires, Brussels. 
W. H. Vesey, consul, Antwerp. 

DOMINIONS OF THE NETHERLANDS. 

Auguste Davezac, Charge d' Affaires, Hague. 

Holland. 

Charles Nichols, consul, Amsterdam. 
William S. Campbell, consul, Rotterdam. 

Colonies of the Netherlands, 
William H. Freeman, consul, Curacoa, West India Island. 
F. W. Craigin, do. Paramaribo, Surinam. 

DANISH DOMINIONS. 

Robert Flemriken, Charge d'Affaires, Copenhagen . 

Denmark. 

Charles F. Ryan, consul, Copenhagen . 
Edmund L. Rainals, do. Elsineur. 

tWest Indies, 

David Rogers, consul, Sainte Croix or Santa Cruz. 
David Naar, commercial agent, St. Thpmas. 

SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 

Henry W. Ellsworth, Charge d'Affaires, Stockholm. 
Charles D. Arfwedson, consul, Stockholm, Sweden. 
Helmich Janson, do. Bergen, Norway. 

PRUSSIA. 

Andrew J. Donelson, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 

Plenipotentiary, Berlin. 
Theodore S. Fay, Secretary of Legation, Berlin. 
Frederick Schillow, consul, Stettin. 

AUSTRIA. 

William H. Stiles, Charge d'Affaires, Vienna. 
J. G. Schwarz, consul, Vienna. 
Edward Warren3, consul, Trieste. 
William A. Sparks, do. Venice. 

SAXONY. 

■George Mohr, consul, Dresden. 
John G. Fliigel, do. Leipsic. 

*7 



78 FOREIGN MINISTERS, &C. 

BAVARIA. 
Charles Obermayer, consul, Augsburg. 
Philip Giese, do. Nuremburg. 

WURTEMBERG. 
Tobias Beehler, consul, Stuttgardt. 

HANOVER, GRAND DUCHY OF HESSE, AND GRAND 

DUCHY OF HESSE DARMSTADT. 
Charles Graebe, consul, Cassel. 

HANSEATIC OR FREE CITIES. 
John Cuthbert, consul, Hamburg. 
W. H. Robertson, do. Bremen. 
Ernest Schwendler, consul, Frankfort on the Maio. 

SWITZERLAND. 
George H. Goundie, Basil or Basle. 

SARDINIAN STATES. 

Robert Wickliffe, Charge d'Affaires, Turin. 
John McPherson, consul, Genoa. 
Victor A. Sasserno, do. Nice. 

TUSCANY. 
J. A. Binda, consul, Leghorn . 
J. Ambrosi, do. (Acting,) Florence. 

PONTIFICAL STATES. 

Nicholas Brown, consul, Rome. 
Henry J . Brent, do. Ravenna* 
James E. Freeman, do. Ancona. 

KINGDOM OF THE TWO SICILIES. 

Charge d'Affaires, Naples. 



Alexander Hammett, consul, Naples. 

John M. Marston, do. Palermo, Sicily. 

Charles Sherwood, do. Messina, Sicily. 

TURKISH DOMINIONS. 
Dabney S. Carr, Minister Resident, Constantinople. 
John P. Brown, Drogaman, do. 

George A. Porter, consul, do. 

Jasper Chasseoud, do. Beirout, Damascus and Said. 
Marino de Mattey, do. Cyprus. 

GREECE. 
John W. Mulligan, consul, Athens. 



FOREIGN MINISTERS, &C. 7'b 

BARBARY STATES. 
Thomas N. Carr, consul, Tangiers, Morocco. 
Samuel D. Heap, do. Tunis, Tunis. 
Daniel S. Macauley, do. Tripoli, Tripoli. 

DOMINIONS OF THE IMAUM MUSCAT. 
C. T. Powell, consul, Muscat. 

Charles Ward, consul, Island of Zanzibar, near the east coast 
of Africa. 

CHINA. 

Alexander H. Everett, Commissioner. 

Peter Parker, Secretary and Chinese Interpreter. 

Paul S. Forbes, consul, Canton. 

C. Lyon, do. Shanghai. 

R. L. Mcintosh, do. Fou-chou-fou. 

SANDWICH OR HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
Anthony Ten Eyck, Commissioner, Honolulu. 
Joel Turrill, consul, Oaho. 

* NAVIGATOR'S ISLANDS. 

John C. Williams, commercial agent, Apia. 
SOCIETY ISLANDS. 
Horace Hawes, consul, Tahiti. 

NEW ZEALAND. 
John B. Williams, consul, Aukland. 

FEEJEE ISLANDS. 
John B. Williams, commercial agent, Aukland, N. Z. 
HAYTI, OR SAN DOMINGO. 

Joseph C. Luther, commercial agent, Port au Prince, 
Richmond Loring, commercial agent, Aux Cayes, 
John L. Wilson, commercial agent, Cape Haytien. 

MEXICAN REPUBLIC. 
Nicholas B. Trist, Commissioner, 
John Black, consul, Mexico, 
Manuel Alvarez, commercial agent, Santa Fe, 
Edward J. Glasgow, commercial agent, Chihuahua. 

On the Atlantic Side. 
Franklin Chase, consul, Tampico, or Santa Anna de Tamau- 

lipas, 
J. P. Schatzell, consul, Matamoras. 

On the Pacific Side. 
Thomas O. Larkin, consul, Monterey, 



&0 FOREIGN MINISTERS, &C. 

John Parrot, consul, Mazatlan, 

' ■ , consul, San Blag, 

=-— ■ , consul, San Francisco, California, 

John A. Robinson, consul, Guaymas. 

CENTRAL AMERICA. 

Stephen H. Weems, consul, Guatemala, 

A. Follin, consul, Omoa and Truxillo, 

Francis V. Clark, consul, San Juan de Nicaragua. 

NEW GRENADA. 

B. A. Bidlack, Charge d'Affaires, Bogota. 

On the Atlantic Side. 
Ramon Leon Sanchez, consul, Carthagena, 
Samuel G. Taylor, commercial agent, Santa Martha. 

On the Pacific Side. 
William Nelson, consul, Panama. 

VENEZUELA. 

Benjamin G. Shields, Charge d'Affaires, Caracas, 
Roland Dubs, consul, Maracaibo, 
■Southy Grenolds, consul, Puerto Cabello, 
John P. Adams, consul, Laguayra. 

ECUADOR. 

Seth Sweetzer, consul, Guayaquil. 
BRAZIL. 

David Tod, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten* 

tiary, Rio de Janeiro, 
Thomas J. Morgan, secretary of Legation, Rio de Janeiro, 
Charles B. Allen, consul, Maranham Island, 
Charles J. Smith, consul, Para, 

C. J. Salinas, consul, Pernambuco, 
Gorham Parks, consul, Rio de Janeiro, 
George Black, consul, Santos, 

Lemuel Wells, consul, Saint Catharine's Island, 

Thomas McGuire, consul, Rio Grande, 

Alexander H. Tyler, consul, Bahia, or San Salvador. 

URUGUAY OR CISPLATINE REPUBLIC. 

Robert M. Hamilton, consul, Montevideo. 

ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION OR BUENOS AYRKS. 
W. A. Harris Charge d'Affaires, 
Jefferson Adams, consul, Rio Negro. 

CHILE. 

Seth Barton, Charge d'Affaires, Sant Jago, 



STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE, 81 

William G. Morehead, consul, Valparaiso, 
William Crosby, consul, Talcahuano, 
Samuel F. Haviland, Coquimbo. 

PERU. 

J. R. Clay, Charge d'Affaires, Lima, 
Stanhope Prevost, consul, Lima, 
Alexander Ruden, junior, consul, Paita. 

AGENT ON THE COAST OF AFRICA. 
James W- Lugenbiel, Liberia. 



STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE. 

Foreign Relations— Mr. Sevier, chairman ; Messrs. Benton, 
Webster, Hannegan, an.l Mangutn. 

Finance — Mr. Atherton, chairman ; Messrs. Dickinson, Clay- 
ton, Hunter, and Phelps. 

Commerce — Mr. Dix, chairman ; Messrs. Johnson, Breese, 
Cameron, and John Davis. 

Manufactures — Mr. Dickinson, chairman ; Messrs. Ashley, 
Upham, Butler, and Clarke. 

Agriculture — Mr. Sturgeon, chairman ; Messrs. Turney, 
Spruance, AtheHon, and Hale. 

Military Affdrs — Mr. Cass, chairman"; Messrs. Benton, 
Crittenden, Jefferson Davis, Dix, Badger, and Rusk. 

Naval Affairs— Mr. chairman ; Messrs. Yulee, 

Miller, Bright, R. Johnson, Cameron, and Badger. 

The Militia — Mr. Rusk, chairman ; Messrs. Atchison, Green, 
and Underwood. 

Public Lands — Mr. Breese, chairman ; Messrs. Ashley, Cor- 
win, Felcb, and Underwood. 

Private Land Claims— Mr. Yulee, chairman; Messrs. Foote, 
H. Johnson, Downs, and Berrien. 

Indian Affairs — Mr. Atchison, chairman; Messrs. Sevier, 
Phelps, Downs, and Bell. 

Claims — Mr. Mason, chairman ; Messrs. Westcott, Bradley, 
and Baldwin. 

Revolutionary Claims— Mr. Bright, chairman ; Messrs. Brad- 
bury, Upham, Ru>k, and Hale. 

The Judiciary — Mr. Ashley, chairman ; Messrs. Westcott, 
Berrien, Butler, and Dayton. 

Pest Office and Post Roads — Mr. Niles, chairman ; Messrs. 
Sturgeon, Pearce, Rusk, and Corwin, 

Roads and Canals — Mr. Hannegan, chairman ; Messrs. 
Foote, Clarke, Sturgeon, and Spruance, 



82 OFFICERS OF THE SENATE. 



Pensions—. Mr. Johnson, of La., chairman ; Messrs. Felch, 
Phelps, Jefferson Davis, and Baldwin. 

District of Columbia — Mr. Cameron, chairman; Messrs. 
Hunter, Miller, Foote, and Greene. 

Patents and the Patent Office — Mr. Westcott, chairman ; Mes- 
srs. Turney, John Davis, Dickinson, and Dayton. 

Retrenchment — Mr. Turney, chairman; Messrs. Douglass, 
Mangum, Niles, and Clarke. 

Territories— Mr. Douglass, chairman ; Messrs. Bright, Clay- 
ton, Butler, and John Davis. 

Public Buildings — Mr. Hunter, chairman ; Messrs. Spruance, 
and Yulee. 

Audit and Contiol the Contingent Expenses of the Senate- 
Mr. Felch, chairman ; Messrs. Niles and Hale. 

Printing — Mr. Bradbury, chairman ; Messrs. Cameron and 
Greene. 

Engrossed Bills — Mr. Downs, chairman ; Messrs. Mason and 
Baldwin. 

Joint Committee on the Library — Mr. Pearce, chairman ; 
Messrs. Jefferson Davis and Mason. 

Enrolled Bitls — Mr. Rusk, chairman; Mr. Upham. 



OFFICERS OF THE SENATE. 

Asbury Dickens, Secretary, F, near 13th street. 
Lewis H. Machen, Chief Clerk. 
"William Hickey, Executive Clerk. 
Thomas W. Dickens. 
William J. McDonald, Clerk. 
John C. Fitzpatrick, do. 
William Patton, do. 

Robert ; Beale, Sergeant-at-Arms and Doorkeeper, Pa. 
avenue, Capitol Hill. 

Isaac Holland, Assistant Doorkeeper. 

J. L. Clubb, Messenger, Secretary's Office. 

Rev^ H. Slicer, Chaplain, 5th street, opposite City Hall. 



STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE. 

Committee of Elections. — Messrs. Richard W. Thompson, 
Joseph Mullin, Lucien B. Chase, Nathaniel Boyden, Timothy 
Jenkins, John Van Dyke, J. Dixon Roman. 

Of Ways and Means. — Messrs. Samuel F. Vinton, Robert 
Toombs, James J. McKay, Charles Hudson, George S. Hous- 
ton, Charles S. Moorehead, James Pollock, Samuel G. Hub- 
bard, Henry Nicol. 



STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE, 83 < 

Of Claims. — Messrs. John A. Rockwell, John Crowell, John 
B. J. Daniel, William Nelson, David Wilmot, George G. Dunn, 
Thomas W. Ligon, Thomas S. Flournoy, James ft. Thomas. 

On Commerce. — Messrs. Washington Hunt, Joseph Grinnell, 
R. F. Simpson, Moses Hampton, Bannon G. Thibodeaux, John 
Wentworth, Dudley S.Gregory, Archibald Atkinson, Kingsley 
S. Bingham. 

On Public Lands. — Messrs. Jacob Collamer, Alexander H. 
Stephens, J. A. McClernand, Garnett Dunean, Richard 
Brodhead, Harvey Putnam, John Jameson, Alexander Evans, 
W. R. W. Cobb. 

On the Post Office and Post Roads. — Messrs. William L. 
Goggin, James M. Root, Chades Brown, Daniel B. St. John, 
John S. Phelps, Elisha Embree, George W. Jones, Abraham 
Lincoln, David S. Kaufman. 

For the District of Columbia. — Messrs. John G. Chapman, 
F. A. Tallmadge, James McDowell, Washington Barrow, O. B. 
Fickljn, William Henry, Alexander D. Sims, Thomas O. Ed- 
wards, Benjamin B. Thurston. 

On the Judiciary. — Messrs. Joseph R. Ingersoll, George 
Ashmun, John Pettit, Nathan K. Hall, John H. Lumpkin, 
James Dixon, Richard French, John L. Taylor, Richard K. 
Meade. 

On Revolutionary Claims.— Messrs. Daniel P. King, Chester 
Butler, Franklin W. Bowdon, Robert L. Rose, Alfred Iverson, 
David Outlaw, Jonathan D. Morris, William A. Newell, E. K. 
Smart. 

On Public Expenditures.— -Messrs. Thomas L. Clingman, 
John Strohm, Henry Bedinger, Artemas Hale, W. P. Hall, 
John W. Jones, Emile La Sere, Franklin Clarke, H. S. 
George. 

On Private Land Claims. — Messrs. John Gayle, J . E . Brady, 
J. B. Bowlin, W. W. Wick, David Rumsey, jr., J. H. Har- 
manson, P. W. Tompkins, R. S. Canby, Andrew Johnson. 

On Manufactures. — Messrs. Andrew r Stewart, Amos Abbott, 
Joseph A. Woodward, John W. Houston, Joseph E. Edsall, 
Eliakim Sherrill, William G.Brown, John W. Crisfield, Jamea 
H. Johnson. 

On Agriculture. — Messrs. Hugh White, A. H. Sheppard, 
William Sawyer, John G. Palfrey, Sampson W. Harris, Wm. 
Rockhill, Hiram Belcher, William Thompson, John J. Slinger- 
land. 

On Indian Affairs. — Messrs. M. P. Gentry, D. M. Barringer, 
Jacob Thompson, A. R. Mcllvaine, C. W. Cathcart, J. R. 
Giddings, L. B. Peck, A. Buckner, R. W. Johnson. 

On Military Affairs. — Messrs. John M. Botts, Armistead 
Burt, James Wilson, H. A. Haralson, John Dickey, Linn 
Boyd, Dudley Marvin, William T. Haskell, David Fisher. 

On the Militia. — Messrs. John B. Thompson, James A. 
Black, John Blanchard, Robert M. McLane, John M. Hoi- 
ley, Charles H. Peaslee, R. T. L. Beale, W. S. Fealherston, 
R. Dickinson. 



84 STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE. 



On Naval Jtffairs. — Messrs. Thomas Butler King, Isaac E. 
Holmes, R. C. Scheack, Hugh White, Thomas H. Bayly, 
Lewis C. Levin, Frederick P. Stanton, E. Carrington Cabell, 
Amos Tuck. 

On Foreign Jtffairs. — Messrs. Truman Smith, Henry W. 
Hilliard, C. J. Ingersoll, George P. Marsh, R. B. Rhett, J. S. 
Pendleton, Willi' m Duer, Robert McClelland, Daniel Duncan. 

On the Territories. — Messrs. C. B. Smith, R. B. Cranston, 
Howell Cobb, Julius Rockwell, James Thompson, Daniel 
Gott, 1. E. Morse, Nathan Evans, T. Pilsbury. 

On Revolutionary Pensions — Messrs. William M. Cocke, 
Peter H. Silvester, John D. Cummins, John W. Freedley, 
Thomas S. Bocock, Richard S. Donnell, David Hammons, W. 
Strong, Sidney Lawrence. 

On Invalid Pensions. — Messrs. Henry Nes, A. S. Fulton, 
George Fries, W. T. Lawrence, A. W. Venable, R. A. Thomp- 
son, George N. Eckert, J. S. Wiley, George Petre. 

On Roads and Canals. — Messrs. Robert C. Schenck, E. B. 
Holmes, Robert Smith, Alexander Irvin, A. W. H. Clapp, 
Cornelius Warren, Samuel O. Peyton, William A. Newell, 
Job Mann. 

On Patents — Messrs. John W. Farrelly, William B. Maclay, 
Thomas J. Henley, John W. Jones, ami John K. Miller. 

On Public Buildings and Grounds.— Messrs. John W. 
Houston, William B. Preston, James J. Faran, Robert M. 
McLane, Gideon Reynolds. 

On Revisal and Unfinished Business. — Messrs. J. W. Horn - 
beck, F. W. Lord, Aitemas Hale, Thomas J. Turner, H. L. 
W. Hill. 

On Accounts. — Messrs. Linn Boyd, D. S. Gregory, G. A. 
Starkweather, William Kennon, jr., William Henry. 

On M-leage. — Messrs. Hiram Belcher, Thomas Richey, Cor- 
nelius Warren, W. A. Richardson, James S. Green. 

On Engraving. — Messrs. Lewis C. Levin, Henry C. Murphy, 
Green Adams. 

On the Library of Congress on the Part of the House. — 
Messrs. John Q. Adams, William B. Preston, Henry C. 
Murphy. 

The following committees appointed at the first session stand 
through the Congress, viz : 

Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. — 
Messrs. D. M. Barringer John H. Crozier, Samuel Lahm, 
James Dixon, William Collins. 

On Expenditures in the Treasury Department. — Messrs. 
Joseph M. Root, R. S. Donnell, A. Birdsall, A. Buckner, W. 
S. Feathenton. 

On Expenditures in the War Department. — Messrs. Jno. H. 
Crozier, R. W. Thompson, William Kennon, jr , D. S. Jackson, 
A. Lincoln. 

On Expenditures in the Navy Department. — Messrs. P. W. 
Tompkins, Nathaniel Boyden, William B. Maclay, B. L. 
Clark, Amos Tuck. 



OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE. 85 

On Expenditures in the Post Office Department. — Messrs. 
James Wilson, Orlando Kellogg, C. Stuart, S. Leffler, John B 
Thompson. 

On Expenditures on the Public Buildings. — Messrs. E. Cai- 
rington Cabell, James G. Hampton, Wm. Sawyer, Elias B. 
Holmes, W. A. Richardson. 

On Enrolled Bills. — Messrs. James G. Hampton, J. L. Rob- 
inson. 

The following members compose the select committee ap- 
pointed to revise the rules of the House : 

Messrs. C. J. Ingersoll, Truman Smith, Howell Cobb, C. B. 
Smith, D. M. Barringer, Robert McClelland, J. G. Chapman, 
M. P. Gentry, T. Jenkins. 



OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 

Robert C. Winthrop, Speaker, residence s. side C, near cor. 
3d street. 

Thomas J. Campbell, clerk of the House, Wedderman'a, 
near N. Capitol gate. 

Nathan Sergeant, Sergeant-at-Arms, B street. 

R. E- Horner, doorkeeper, United States Hotel. 

J, M. Johnson, postmaster, United States Hotel. 

Daniel Gold, chief clerk of clerk's office. 

Daniel Buck, clerk in the office. 

S. J. Anderson, do. 

J. H. Clay Mudd, do. 

J. W. Morehead, do. 

A. H. Harper, do. 

Thos. Gray, do. 

Jno. M. Barclay, do. 

Arthur W. Fletcher, do. 

P. Williams, Librarian. 

James C. Walker, messenger to clerk's office. 

John Queen, messenger. 

George Hume, do. 

Geo. A. Cardwell, do. 

OFFICERS OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

John S. Meehan. Librarian, B street, Capitol Hill. 
E. B Stelle, Assistant Librarian. 
C. H. W. Meehan, Assistant Law Librarian. 
Robert Keoran, messenger. 



SENATORS AND THEIR*RESIDENCES. 

G. M. Dallas, President of the Senate, Mrs.Gadsby's, Pres- 
ident's Square. 
Allen, William - - Mrs. McCubbin's, Louisiana av. 

s 



86 



SENATORS AND THEIR RESIDENCES. 



Ashley, Chester 
Atchison, D. R. 
Atherton, C. G. 
Badger, G. E. - 
Bagby, A. P. - 
Baldwin, R. 8. • 
Bell, John 
Benton, T. H. - 
Berrien, J. M. - 
Bradbury, J. W. 
Breese, Sydney 
Bright, J. D. - 
Butler, A. P. - 
Calhoun, J, a - 
Cameron, Simon 
Cass, Lewis 
Clarke, J. R. - 
Clayton, J. M. - 
Corwin, Thomas 
Crittenden, J. J. 
Davis, John 
Davis, Jefferson 
Dayton, W. L. - 
Dickinson, D. S. 
Dix, John A.- 
Douglass, Stephen A. 
Downs, S. U. - 
Felch, Alpheus - 
Foote, H. S. - 
Creene, A. G. - 
Hale, John P. - 
Hannegan, E. A. 
Hunter, R. M. T. 
Johnson, Reverdy 
Johnson, Henry 
Lewis, Dixon H. 
Mangtim, W. P. 
Mason, James M. 
Miller, J. W. - 
Niles, John M. - 
Pearce, J. A. - 
Phelps, S. S. - 
Rusk, T. J.. 
Sevier, A. H. 
Spruance, Presly 
Sturgeon, Daniel 
Turney, H. L. - 
Underwood, J. R. - 
Upham, Wm. - 
•—■Webster, Daniel m 
Westcott, jr., J. D. - 
ITulee, D. L. - 



Coleman's Hotel. 
Coleman's Hotel. 

Mrs. Peyton's, cor. 4£ st. & Pa. av. 
Brown's Hotel. 
Scrivner's, Capitol Hill. 
Willard's Hotel. 
Coleman's Hotel. 
C street, between* 3d and 4 1-2. 
Stettinius's, Louisiana avenue. 
Gilbert's, Pa. av. corner of 4 1-2 st. 
Coleman's Hotel. 

N. side F, between 6th and 7th sts. 
Havener's, C st. bet. 4 1-2 and 6th„ 
Mrs. Read's, C st., between 4£ & 6th. 
Boyd's, 11th street. 
Tyler's Hotel. 
Willard's Hotel. 

Young's, Capitol Hill, N. Jersey av, 
Stettinius's, Louisiana avenue. 
Mrs. Seldens, Pa. av. bet. 3d & 4 1 2. 
Willard's Hotel. 
Mrs. Owen's, Capitol Hill. 
Mrs. Peyton's. 
United States Hotel. 
C street, between 3d and 4 1-2. 
Willard's Hotel. 

Mr. Duvali's, Missouri av. near 4 l-2w 
Gilbert's, 4 1-2 street and Penn. av. 
Mr?. Smallwood's, Capitol Hill. 
Coleman's Hotel. 
Coleman's Hotel* 
Coleman's Hotel. 

Havener's, C st. bet. 4 1-2 and 6th. 
Willard's Hotel. 

Missouri av., bet. 3d and 4 1-2 street. 
Mr. Frost's, Capitol Hill 
Boyd's, 11th street. 
Havener's, C st., bet. 4 1-2 and 6th. 
Willard's Hotel, 

Mrs. Scott's, Pa. av. bet. 3d & 4 1-2. 
Mrs. Stettinius's, Louisiana av. 
Coleman's Hotel. 
Brown's Hotel. 
Hill's, Capitol Hill. 
Young's, N. Jersey av. Capitol Hill. 
Mr. Adam's, Penn. av. bet. 6th & 7th„ 
Rrown's Hotel. 

Mrs. Brawner's, Pa. av, near 3d. 
Willard's Hotel. 

.Louisiana avenue, near 6th street. 
Mrs. Parker's, near Coleman's. 
Mrs. Read's. 



MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE AND RESIDENCE. 87 



MAINE. 

David Hammons - Mrs. Scott's, Perm, avenue 

A. W. H. Clapp - Coleman's Hotel 

Hiram Belcher - - Tyler's Hotel 

Franklin Clark - - Gilbert's, cor. 4 1-2 st. and Pa. av. 

Ephraim K. Smart • Do do 

James S. Wiley - Do do 

Hezekiah Williams - Do do 

NEW HAMPSHIRE 

Amos Tuck - - Mrs. Clavercletcher's, Pa. avenue 

Charles H. Peaslee - Mr. King's, H st. between 7th 8c 8th 

James Wilson - - Mrs. Whitewell's, 4 1-2 street 

James H. Johnson - Willard's Hotel 

VERMONT. 

William Henry - - Mrs. Whitewells, -1 1-2 street 

Jacob Collamer - Mrs. Ulrich's, op. State Department 

George P. Marsh - F street, between 19th and 20th sts, 

Lucius B. Peck - Willard's Hotel 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

Daniel P. King - Mrs. Galvin's, C street 

Amos Abbott - - Follansbee's, Capitol Hill 

J. G, Palfrey - - Noer's, corner E and 11th streets 

Charles Hudson - Mrs. Galvin's, C street 

George Ashmun - Mrs. White well's, 4 1-2 street 

Julius Rockwell - Mrs. Harrison's, Penn. avenue 

John Q. Adams - - F street, between 13th and 14th sts 

Artemas Hale - - Mrs. Galvin's. C street 

Joseph Grinnell - Willard's Hotel 

RHODE ISLAND 



Robert B. Cranston 
Benj. B. Thurston 

CONNECTICUT. 



- Mrs. Carter's, Capitol Hill 

- Fuller's Hotel 



James Dixon 
S. D. Hubbard - 
John A. Rockwell 
Truman Smith - 



Indiana avenue, bet. 3d and 4 1-2 sts. 
Willard's Hotel 

Mrs. Ulrich's, opposite State Dept 
Willard's Hotel 



NEW YORK. 



Frederick W. Lord 
H. C. Murphy - 
Henry Nicol 
William B. Maclay 



Fuller's Hotel 

Coleman's Hotel 

Mrs. Ulrich's, op. State Dept 

Mrs. Nevitt's, Pa. av. bet. 14 & 15 



88 



MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE, &C. 



F. A. Tallmadge 
D. S. Jackson - 
William Nelson 
Cornelius Warren 
Daniel B. St. John - 
Eliakim Sherrill 
Peter H. Sylvester - 
Gideon .Reynolds 

J. J. Singerland 
Orlando D . Kellogg - 
Sidney Lawrence 
Hugh White 
George Petrie - 
Joseph Mullin - 
William Collins 
Timothy Jenkins 

G. A. Starkweather - 
Osburn Birdsall ' - 
William Duer - 
Daniel Gott 
Harmon S. Conger - 
Wm. T. Lawrence - 
John M. Holley 
Elias B. Holmes 
Robert L.Rose 
David Rumsey - 
Dudley Marvin - 
Nathan K. Hall 
Harvey Putnam - 
Washington Hunt 



Miss Polk's 

Willard's Hotel 

Mr. Gordon's, Capitol HiH 

Do 
Willard's Hotel 
Hyatt's, op. Brown's Hotel 
Willard's Hotel 

Do 
Mrs. McDuffie's 
Hyatt's, Pa. avenue 
Mrs. Scott's, Pa. avenue 
Coleman's Hotel 
Mrs. Harrison's 
Mrs. Hamilton's 
Mrs. Scott's, Pa. avenue 
Do do 

Do do 

Miss Janney's, cor. Pa. av. & Sth st 
Gay street, Georgetown 
Hyatt's, Pa. avenue 

Do do 

Brown's Hotel 

Mr. Gordon's, Capitol Hill 
Hyatt's, op. Brown's Hotel 

Do do 

Do do 

Miss Polk's, Pa. a»v. near 3d street 
Mr. Gordon's, Capitol Hill 
Coleman's Hotel 



NEW JERSEY. 



James G. Hampton 
W. A. Newell - 
Joseph Edsall - 
John Van Dyke 
Dudley S. Gregory 



U. S. Hotel 

Do 
Brown's Hotel 
Russell's, 4 1-2 street 
Coleman's Hotel 



PENNSYLVANIA: 



L. C. Levin 
J. R. Ingersoll - 
Charles Brown - 
Charles J. Ingersoll 
John Freedly - 
J. W. Hornbeck 
A. R. Mcllvaine 
William Strong 
Richard Brodhead 
Chester Butler - 



Brown's Hotel 

Mrs. Marcoe's, op. west market. 
Mrs. Ulrich's, op. State Department 
Mrs. Claverdetcher's, Penn. avenue 
Mrs. Harrison's, Penn. avenue 
Mrs. Carter's, Capitol Hill 
Mrs. Sprigg's, Capitol Hill 
Mrs. Ulrich's, op. State Department 
Coleman's Hotel 
Da 



MEMBERS OP THE HOUSE, &C. 



89 



David Wilmot - 
James Pollock - 
John Strohm 
George N. Eckert 
Henry Nes 
Jasper E. Brady 
John Blanchard 
Andrew Stewart 
Job Mann 
John Dickey 
Moses Hampton 
J. W. Farrelly 
James Thompson 
Alexander Irvine 



Gilbert's, cor. Pa. av. and 4 1-2 st 
Mrs. Sprigg's, Capitol Hill 

Do ' do 

Mrs. Carter's, do 
Mr. Wallace's, Penn. avenue 
Mrs. Harrison's 
Mrs. Sprigg's, Capitol Hill 
Mr. Morehead's, 7th street 
Mrs. Scott's, Penn. avenue 
Mrs. Carter's, Capitol Hill 
Mr. Moorhead's, 7th street 
Mrs. Carter's, Capitol Hili 
Fuller's Hotel 
Mrs. Harrison's. 



DELAWARE. 

John W. Houston - Mr. Young's, Capitol Hill 

MARYLAND. 



John G. Chapman 
J. Dixon Roman 
T . Watkins Ligon 
R. McLane 
Alexander Evans 
John W. Crisfield 



Tyler's Hotel 

Do 
Mrs. Peyton's, cor. 4 1-2 st. &Pa. a^ 
Opposite seven buildings 
Col. Jenkin's, Pa. av. w. WarDept, 
Coleman's Hotel 



VIRGINIA. 



Archibald Atkinson - 
Richard K. Meade - 
Thomas S. Flourney - 
Thomas S. Bocock - 
William L. Goggin - 
John M. Botts 
Thomas H. Bayly 
R. T. L. Beale - 
John S. Pendleton - 
Henry Bedinger 
James McDowell 
William B. Preston - 
Andrew S. Fulton - 
Robert A. Thompson 
William G. Brown 



Mrs. Beale's, Penn. av. cor. 8th st 

Do do do 

Mrs. Selden's, Pa. av. bet. 3d & 4 1 2 
Mrs. Beale's 
Mrs. Brawner's 
Brown's Hotel 
Mrs. Wise's 
Mrs. Beale's 

Mrs. Selden's, Pennsylvania avenue 
Willard's Hotel 
Bridge street, Georgetown 
Mrs. Selden's, Penn. avenue 

Do do do 

Mrs. Beale's, Penn. av. cor. 8th st 
Mrs. Kesley's, Mo. av. bet 4$ & 6t> 



NORTH CAROLINA. 



T. L. Clingman 
N. Boyden 
Daniel M. Barringer 
A. H. Shepperd 
Abraham Venable 
8* 



Mrs. Parish's, near railroad 
Waller's, Capitol Hill 
Mrs. Sexsmith's, Penn. avenue 
Mrs, Carter's, Capitol Hill 
Mrs. Owner's, Capitol Hill 



90 MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE, &C* 

S.R.J. Daniel - Mrs. Rice's, E street 

James J. McKay - Mrs. Wimsatt's, Pa. avenue 

Richard S. Donnell - Mrs. Carter's, Capitol Hill 
David Outlaw - Do do 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

James A. Black - Mrs. McQuilla's, 4 1-2 street 

Joseph A. Woodward Hill's, Capitol Hill 
Richard F. Simpson - Do 

A. D. Sims - - Mrs. Rice's, E sreet 
Armistead Burt - - Mrs. Read's, C street 

Isaac E. Holmes - Mo. av., between 3d and 4 1-2 streels 

R. Barnwell Rhett - Georgetown, cor. Gay & Green sts. 

GEORGIA. 

Thomas B. King - Willard's Hotel 

Alfred Iverson - Fuller's Hotel 

John W. Jones - - Winter's, La. av., bet. 6th and 7th 

Hugh A. Haralson - Wimsatt's, Pa . av. bet. 3d and 4 1-2 

John H. Lumpkin - Mrs. Rice's, E street 

Howell Cobb - - Mrs. Owner's, Capitol Hill 

Alex. H. Stephens - Mrs. Carter's, Do 

Robert Toombs - Mrs. Selden's, Pa. av. near 4 1-2 st 

ALABAMA. 

John Gale - - Mrs. Read's, C street 

Henry W. Hilliard - Winter's, Louisiana av. bet. 6 & 7 

S. W . Inge - - Hill's, Capitol Hill 

S. W. Harris - - Mrs. Owner's, Capitol Hill 

G. S. Houston" - - Parrott's, F st, between 18th & 19th 

W. PJ. W. Cobb - Mrs. Clare's, 6th st, between D & E 

F. W. Bowdon - - Hill's, Capitol Hill 

MISSISSIPPI. 

Jacob Thompson - Hill's, Capitol Hill 
W. S. Featherston - Do do 

Patrick Tompkins - Mrs. Sprigg's, Capitol Hill 
Albert G. Brown 

LOUISIANA. 

Emile La Sere - - Mr. Duvall's, Mo. av. near 4 1-2 

B. G. Thibodeaux - Bastianello's, C street, near 4 1-2 
J. Harmonson - - Mr. Duvall's, 4 1-2 street 

Isaac E. Morse - Do do 

TENNESSEE. 

Andrew Johnson - Mrs. Ballard's, Capitol Hill 

W. M. Cocke - Mrs. Brawner's, Pa. av. bet. 2d & 3d 

John H. Crozier - Tyler's Hotel 



MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE, &C. 



91 



H.'L. W. Hillj 
George W.Jones 
J. H. Thomas 
M. P. Gentry 
Washington Barrow - 
Lucien B. Chase 
Frederick P. Stanton 
William T. Haskell - 



Hill's, Capitol Hill 
Scrivener's, Capitol Hill 
Brown's Hotel 
Mrs. Brawner's 
Brown's Hotel 

Do 
Mrs. Wells's, Pa. av. bet. 3d & 4-12 
Mrs. Brawner's 



KENTUCKY. 



Lynn Boyd 
Samuel Peyton 

B. L. Clark 
Aylett Buckner 
J. B. Thompson 
Green Adams 
Garrett Duncan 

C. S. Morehead 
Richard French 
John P. Gaines 



Cudlip's, Pa. av. bet. 3d & 4 1-2 sts 

Do 

Do 
Mrs. McDaniel's 
Do 
Do 
Mrs. Selden's, Penn. avenue 
Mrs. McDaniel's 
Cudlip's, Penn. avenue 
Mrs. McDaniel's, 4 1-2 street 



OHIO. 



James J. Faran 
David Fisher 
Robert C. Schenck 
Richard S. Canby 
William Sawyer 
R. Dickinson - 
Jonathan D . Morris 
John L . Taylor 
Thomas O. Edwards 
Daniel Duncan - 
John K. Miller 
Samuel F. Vinton 
James A. Richey 
Nathan Evans - 
William Kennon 
John D. Cummins 
George Fries 
Samuel Lahm 
John Crowell 
Joshua R. Giddings 
Joseph M. Root 



Miss McCubbin's. La. avenue 
Mrs. Brawner's 
Stettinius's, Louisiana avenue 
Mrs. Brawner's 
Cudlip's, Penn. avenue 
Mrs. Adam's, Penn. avenue 
Cudlip's, Penn* avenue 
Coleman's Hotel 
Hyatt's, Penn. avenue 

Do 
Mrs. Owner's, Capitol Hill 
Waller's, Do 

Mrs. Adams's, Pennsylvania avenue 
Mrs. Hyatt's, do 

Mrs. Adam's, do 

Do do 

Mrs. Adam's, Pennsylvania avenue 
Cudlipp's, Penn. avenue 
Mrs. Brawner's, Penn. avenue 
Mrs. Sprigg's, Capitol Hill 
Stettinius's, Louisiana avenue 



INDIANA, 



J. L. Robinson - 
Caleb B. Smith 
William W. Wick 



Mrs. Owner's, Capitol Hill 

F street, between 6th and 7th sts 

Mrs. Owner's, Capitol Hill 



92 MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE, &C. 

Elisha Embree - Mrs. Spriggs's, Capitol Hill 

Thomas J . Hendley - Mrs. Ballard's, do 

George G. Dunn - Mrs. McDaniel's, 4 1-2 near Pa. av. 

R.W.Thompson - Do 

JohnPettit - - Mrs. McDuffie's, Penn. av. bet. 1 &2 

C. W. Cathcart - Mrs. Peabody's, 8th, bet. G & H sts 

William Rockhill - Mrs. Ownei's, Capitol Hill 

ILLINOIS. 

Robert Smith - Miss Janney's, cor. 8th st & Pa. av 

J. A. McClernand - Coleman's Hotel 

Orlando B. Ficklin - Mrs. Wimsatt's, Penn. avenue 

John Wentworth - Coleman's Hotel 

W. A. Richardson - Do 

Thomas J. Turner - Mrs. Owen's, Capitol Hill 

Abraham Lincoln - Mrs. Sprigg's, do 

MISSOURI. 

James B. Bowl in - Brown's Hotel 

John Jamison - - Mrs. Smallwood's, Capitol Hill 

James S. Green - Mrs. Wimsatt's 

Willard P. Hall - Do 

John S. Phelps - - Scrivener's, Capitol Hill 

ARKANSAS. 

Robert W. Johnson - Hill's, Capitol Hill 

MICHIGAN. 

Robert McClelland - -Gilbert's, cor. 4 1-2 st. and Pa. av, 
Charles E. Stuart - Do do 

Kinsley S. Bingham - Do do 

FLORIDA. 

Edward C. Cabell - Mrs . Parish's, B st . near R. R. depot 

WISCONSIN. 

John H. Tweedy - Coleman's Hotel 

IOWA. 

William Thompson - Mrs. Adam's, Pa. av. bet. 6th & 7th 
*Shepherd Leffler - Union Hotel, Georgetown 



*As these residences are subject to change, reference may 
be had to the Saturday Evening News, published every week 
in this city, for corrections in each case- 



PUBLIC OFFICFRS, &C. 93 

JUDGES OF THE SUPREME CGURT. 

Roger B. Taney^ (Chief Justice) - Brenner's, Pa. avenue 
John McLean, (Associate Justice) - Mrs. Carter's, Cap. Hill 



James M. Wayne, 


do 


■ Brenner's, Pa. avenue 


John Catron, 


do 


- Tyler's Hotel 


John McKinley, 


do 




Peter V. Daniel, 


do 


. 


Samuel Nelson, 


do 


- Gadsby's Hotel 


Levi Woodbury, 


do 


Do 


Kobert C- Grier, 


do 


- Tyler's Hotel. 


Benjamin C. Howard, 


(Reporter) 


- Breriner's, Pa. avenue 



RESIDENCE OF PUBLIC OFFICERS. 

James Buchanan, Secretary of State, F street, between 13th 
and 14th streets. 

R. J. Walker, Secretary of the Treasury, Pennsylvania ave- 
nue, near the West Market. 

W. L. Marcy, Secretary of War, corner 18th and F streets. 

John Y. Mason, Secretary of the Navy, Pennsylvania ave- 
nue, opposite the War Department. 

Cave Johnson, Postmaster General, G street, between 10th 
and 11th streets. 

Nathan Clifford, Attorney General, Mrs. Latimer's, President's 
square. 

Edmund Burke, Commissioner of Patent's, F street, Union row. 

James W. McCulloch, 1st Comptroller, 15th street, near Trea- 
sury Buildings. 

R. H. Gillet, Solicitor of the Treasury, Mrs. Hamilton's, Penn- 
sylvania avenue. 

William Collins, 1st Auditor, Mrs. Wise's, 13th street. 

J. M. McCalla, 2d Auditor, Indiana avenue, near City Hall. 

Peter Hagner, 3d Auditor, Penn. avenue, near 18th street. 

Aaron O. Dayton, 4th Auditor, 6th, between D & E streets. 

Stephen Pleasonton, 5th Auditor, corner F and 21st streets. 

P. G. Washington, Au'ditor General Post Office, Fuller'sHotel. 

Win. Selden, Treasurer, New York avenue, between 13th and 
14th streets. 

D. Graham, Register Treasury. 

Young, Commissioner Land Office. 

William Medill, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 

James L. Edwards, Commissioner of Pensions, F street, above 
the War Office. 

J. G. Totten, Chief Engineer, Gadsby*s row. 

T. S. Jesup, Quartermaster General, F, between 12th & 13th. 

George Gibson, Commissary General, F, between 14th & 15th. 

Roger Jones, Adjutant General, 6th, between D and E streets. 

N. Towson, Paymaster General, opposite Navy Department. 

George Talcott, Colonel of Ordnance, Mrs. Latimer's, 16th st. 



1st Comptroller's office . 
2d Comptroller's office 
1st Auditor's office ' . 
2d Auditor's office 
31 Auditor's office 
4th Auditor's office 
5th Auditor's office 
Auditor of Gen'l Post Office 
Treasurer's office 
Register of the Treasury 
Solicitor of the Treasury- 
General Land office 
Attorney General's office 
War Department — Plan of the building 
Secretary's office 
Indian Bureau 
Pension Bureau 

Quartermaster General's Bureau 
Engineer's Bureau 
Topographical Bureau 
Ordt.ance Bureau 
Subsistence Bureau 
Paymaster General's Bureau 
Medical Bureau . 
Commanding General's Bureau 
Adjutant General's Bureau 
Navy Department — Plan of the building 
Secretary's office 

Bureau of Navy Yards and Docks 
Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography 
Bureau of Construction, Equipment, 9nd repairs 
Bureau of Provisions and Clothing 
Bureau of Medicine and Surgery 
Post Office Department — Plan of the building 
Post Master General's office 
Patent Office — Plan of the building 
Commissioner of Patent's office 
Exploring Expedition collections of Nat. History 
National Institute Society collections 
Model rooms — models classed 
Supreme Court— its powers . . . 

Judges of the Supreme Court 
Foreign Ministers 

Ministers, consuls, &c, of the U. S. abroad 
Standing committees of the Senate 
Officers of the Senate 
Standing committees of the H. of Rep. 
Officers of the House 
Senators and their residence in the city 
Representatives and their residence 
Residence of the Heads of Bureau, Stc. 
Departure and arrival of cars, and mail steamei 
Corporation law respecting Hackney coaches 



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